铜基合金的双向形状记忆效应研究进展

综述了铜基合金有关双向形状记忆效应的训练方法、组织结构、训练机理及性能稳定性等方面的研究进展，并指出了有待深入研究的问题。     

谈正交试验方法的简易化

正交试验法由于其直观、简单、有效,正在获得日益普遍的推广应用。然而各种书刊在正交试验的讲法上很不统一,造成人们理解上的困难,影响着正交试验法的进一步推广。本文指出正交试验法的实质是多因素试验优化法,它能以尽可能少而分布均匀的试验条件通过分批试验逐步地“搜索”到最优解,而且不论实际问题有无交互作用均能适用。文章认为国内数学界倡导的正交试验方法,在安排试验因素时不去专门分析因素间的交互作用、而对试验结果采用直观比较与分析,这是对国外正交试验方法的有效简化。正是这种简化才使正交试验法能在我国获得迅速普及与推广,成为广大群众手中的有效管理工具。     

A Robotic TeleoperationSystem for Precise Robotic Manipulation by Human-Machine Interaction

Teleoperation is of great importance in the area of robotics, especially when people are unavailable in the robot workshop. It provides a way for people to control robots remotely using human intelligence. In this paper, a robotic teleoperation system for precise robotic manipulation is established. The data glove and the 7-degrees of freedom (DOFs) force feedback controller are used for the remote control interaction. The control system and the monitor system are designed for the remote precise manipulation. The monitor system contains an image acquisition system and a human-machine interaction module, and aims to simulate and detect the robot running state. Besides,a visual object tracking algorithm is developed to estimate the states of the dynamic system from noisy observations. The established robotic teleoperation systemis applied to a series of experiments, and high-precision results are obtained, showing the effectiveness of the physical system.     

高超声速内转式进气道型面流场重构

内转式进气道流场参数分布不均,为改善该类进气道的气动性能,本文采用数值仿真方法开展了基于型面的内转式进气道流场重构研究。结果表明：流场重构型面中心线对进气道流场结构及流动特性影响较大,在给定偏距/长度与中心线末端斜率的约束条件下,选取合适的中心线起始角能够大幅提高进气道的气动性能,改善流场参数分布。与进气道原型方案相比,流场重构型面中心线10°起始角的进气道方案总压恢复系数、抗反压能力最大分别提升33.7%、26.4%,自起动马赫数下降1.1。随着流场重构型面中心线起始角增大,唇罩激波/侧壁边界层干扰诱发的流向涡减弱、流向涡传输轨迹向唇罩一侧偏移,低能流向唇罩两侧迁移趋势增强。在研究范围内,随着流场重构型面中心线起始角增大,隔离段出口总压恢复系数先增大后减小,自起动马赫数先下降后不变。     

基于虚拟现实技术的无人机操作员训练应用

随着虚拟现实(VR)技术的高速发展,VR技术已在多领域得到广泛应用。针对无人机复杂程度高,功能繁多,操作模式多样化的特点,对空勤操作员的操作使用技能提出极高的要求,迫切需要探索新的训练手段,提升操作员操纵无人机的熟练度和遇到特情故障时,精准快速的决策能力。提出将VR技术应用到无人机操作员训练:首先,从知识、技能和心理素质3个维度对训练需求进行深入分析,面向需求构建基于VR技术训练器的系统架构;并对架构中各模块的功能和要素展开分析;最后,对训练器的关键技术进行提炼。提出的以计算机技术为核心的视、听、触觉一体化的虚拟训练器,能够为受训学员提供高逼真、直观的沉浸感,最大限度地实现训练任务重构,为无人机训练提供崭新的平台。将VR技术应用到无人机训练和以往传统的模拟训练相比,具有系统造价低、训练费用少、训练周期短的优势,使训练效率大大提高,降低训练危险程度,是无人机操作员训练未来重要的发展方向。     

上海机场中转旅客转机场优化方案

上海是中国大陆唯一拥有两个运营机场的城市,上海虹桥机场仅起降国内航班,上海浦东机场主要起降国际航班。由于虹桥、浦东两机场距离较远,目前尚无直达的地铁、磁悬浮等快捷交通工具,给跨机场中转旅客带来不便．同时也给城市交通环境带来压力。为此,提出一个简捷有效的优化方案来统筹上海到达的国内航班．使来上海作跨机场换乘的旅客总人次最少。同时开发了实施该方案的程序,并通过实例分析,验证了方案的有效性。应用该方案将有助于机场集团判断并安排抵达上海的国内航班所需降落的机场,达到方便旅客、缓解上海城市交通压力的目的。     

Advanced analytical model for orbital aerodynamic prediction in LEO

The growing interest in low earth orbit (LEO) applications demands for accurate modeling of orbital aerodynamics. But classical analytical models of aerodynamic coefficients in free molecule flow, such as the Sentman’s model, Schamberg’s model and Schaaf-Chambre model, were built upon over simplistic gas-surface interaction models, which degrade the fidelity of aerodynamic prediction. This work presents a new analytical model of orbital aerodynamic coefficients based on the state-of-the-art Cercignani–Lampis–Lord (CLL) gas-surface interaction model, where lobular quasi-specular scattering pattern and separate accommodation degree for different velocity components can be well captured. A key component of the new model is a rigorous function approximation solution of the reflected normal momentum flux based on the CLL model which is derived for the first time and is validated within 1% for any hypothermal flow and surface accommodation conditions. Closed-form analytical solutions of aerodynamic coefficients for simple convex geometries are obtained and exhibit high accuracy (within 0.1%) in typical LEO scenarios. The new analytical model surpasses the classical models in some important aspects, such as overcoming the diffuse scattering hypothesis constraint, considering the variation of normal momentum exchange with the surface incidence angle and being applicable in any hypothermal flow situation. In virtue of the advanced CLL model and feasibility of coupling with the panel method technique, the new analytical model is promising to provide more accurate predictions on the orbital aerodynamic coefficients for LEO applications.     

Land use and cover change (LUCC) impacts on Earth’s eco-environments: Research progress and prospects

Land use and cover change (LUCC) is one of the key variables dominating land–atmosphere interactions and strongly affects the Earth’s eco-environments by altering surface properties. Numerous studies have been carried out to assess the impact of LUCC. However, the Earth is a large, open and complex system characterized by complex interactions between its eco-environments and drivers. This study aimed to summarize previous studies of the impact of LUCC on the Earth’s eco-environments and discuss the progress and limitations in suggesting future directions. Previous studies have confirmed that LUCC has a wide range of impacts on the Earth’s eco-environments, which are represented by the alternation of climate (temperature, precipitation, wind, and humidity), hydrology (soil moisture, runoff, and evapotranspiration), ecology and environmental (air, water, and soil) pollution. Physically, the impacts were mainly attributed to the disturbance of the surface radiation budget and matter conservation caused by LUCC. Although great achievements have been made, several challenges remain because of the unavoidable uncertainties in data sources and methodologies and the complexity of eco-environmental evolution. Therefore, data assimilation, physical-based investigations, contribution isolation, and full-process analysis are required to overcome these challenges in future research. The results of this study helped to capture the impact of LUCC and its physical mechanisms, which provide useful clues for future research and support the relative land use management for sustainable development.     

WEB信息发布的"自动采集"方案研究

目前多数网站在发布信息时采用类似“留言板”的形式 ,即 :由专门负责发布信息的人员在一个特定的WEB页面中 ,将要发布的信息输入一个录入窗口 ,然后提交给数据库 ,用以在网站上发布———信息只能逐条添加 ,效率低。笔者在这里提出用程序自动采集信息的构思 ,并给出详细的解决方案     

Optimization of aerodynamic efficiency for twist morphing MAV wing

Twist morphing(TM) is a practical control technique in micro air vehicle(MAV) flight.However, TM wing has a lower aerodynamic efficiency(CL/CD) compared to membrane and rigid wing. This is due to massive drag penalty created on TM wing, which had overwhelmed the successive increase in its lift generation. Therefore, further CL/CDmaxoptimization on TM wing is needed to obtain the optimal condition for the morphing wing configuration. In this paper, two-way fluid–structure interaction(FSI) simulation and wind tunnel testing method are used to solve and study the basic wing aerodynamic performance over(non-optimal) TM, membrane and rigid wings. Then,a multifidelity data metamodel based design optimization(MBDO) process is adopted based on the Ansys-DesignXplorer frameworks. In the adaptive MBDO process, Kriging metamodel is used to construct the final multifidelity CL/CDresponses by utilizing 23 multi-fidelity sample points from the FSI simulation and experimental data. The optimization results show that the optimal TM wing configuration is able to produce better CL/CDmaxmagnitude by at least 2% than the non-optimal TM wings. The flow structure formation reveals that low TV strength on the optimal TM wing induces low CDgeneration which in turn improves its overall CL/CDmaxperformance.