Trajectory reshaping based guidance with impact time and angle constraints

This study presents a novel impact time and angle constrained guidance law for homing missiles. The guidance law is first developed with the prior-assumption of a stationary target, which is followed by the practical extension to a maneuvering target scenario. To derive the closed-form guidance law, the trajectory reshaping technique is utilized and it results in defining a specific poly-nomial function with two unknown coefficients. These coefficients are determined to satisfy the impact time and angle constraints as well as the zero miss distance. Furthermore, the proposed guidance law has three additional guidance gains as design parameters which make it possible to adjust the guided trajectory according to the operational conditions and missile’s capability. Numerical simulations are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed guidance law. ? 2016 Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Production and hosting by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).     

基于变惯量反作用飞轮的小卫星大角度姿态机动控制研究

研究以变惯量反作用飞轮作为执行机构的小卫星的大角度姿态机动控制问题。变惯量反作用飞轮是一种新型的动量交换装置,不仅可以通过改变飞轮转速输出力矩,还可以通过改变其转动惯量实现大范围的力矩输出。文中建立了带有变惯量反作用飞轮的星体姿态动力学方程,设计了姿态控制律和飞轮的操纵律。仿真结果表明,与一般反作用飞轮相比,当小卫星大角度机动时变惯量飞轮的转速更不容易饱和,且力矩的输出范围变宽,可以同时满足小卫星高精度稳定和快速大角度姿态机动的双重要求。     

挠性卫星大角度机动变结构控制的全物理仿真实验研究

以具有大面积太阳帆板的卫星大角度机动为背景，针对常用的“飞轮－喷气”执行机械模式研究了变结构控制方案，考虑了控制精度和喷气消耗量问题，并成功地进行了国内首次挠性卫星大角度机动控制的全物理仿真实验，取得了显著的效果。     

基于Lyapunov方法的空间飞行器大角度姿态机动控制

本文研究空间飞行器大角度资态机动的控制问题，为了克服大角度机动时使用欧拉角可能产生的奇异问题，文中使用四元参形式的微分方程来描述飞行器的运动，飞行器的动力学方程具有不确定性和非线性。本文应用Lyapunov方法设计在大角度姿态机动控制器，这个控制器具有按指数规律变化的增益，它大大减小了对初始力矩的要求，最后，本文给出一个例子来说明所导出的控制器的优点。     

放置倾角对轴向槽道热管传热特性影响的实验研究

对常温梯形轴向槽道热管在不同放置倾角下的传热特性进行了实验研究，着重分析了热管的放置倾角对轴向温度分布、最大轴向温差、总热阻、当量换热系数、最大传热量的影响，旨在为航空热管的地面性能测试提供参考。实验结果表明：热源在下垂直放置热管的蒸发段和冷凝段的当量换热系数分别是水平放置热管的1．5倍和2．5倍。热源在上倾斜放置的热管，水平放置的热管、热源在下倾斜放置的热管的平均总热阻成一个数量级递减，蒸发段的最大输入热流量依次递增一个数量级。     

人造硬壳层扩散作用的研究

主要研究人造硬壳层的扩散作用，运用有限元模拟的方法，在规范规定的基础上确定出了应力扩散角，且得出加肋梁后应力扩散角基本不变的结论。讨论了加肋梁后固化双层地基的硬壳层等效厚度，为工程应用提供参考。     

直升机燃油系统地面模拟试验中油面角的计算

油面角是直升机燃油系统地面模拟试验的主要模拟参数。如何确定油面角是试验的主要环节。本文介绍了直升机在不同飞行状态下的油面角的计算方法。     

全面视角下“法律面前人人平等原则”的探讨

本文以全面视角审视了法律面前人人平等是什么，并就我们为什么需要法律面前人人平等原则，以及如何实现法律面前人人平等等问题进行了探讨。     

On the association of quiet-time Pi2 pulsations with IMF variations

The association of quiet-time Pi2 pulsations with the variations of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) has been examined by using three reported events, occurring during extremely quiet intervals, of which the first was on 10 March 1997, the second 27 December 1997, and the third 11 May 1999. For the first event, the onset time of ground Pi2s maps to the IMF structure bearing a variation cycle of north-to-south and north again as seen by Wind in the upstream region and Geotail in the magnetosheath. Likewise, the second and the third events have respectively, four and three recurrent turnings propagating to the Earth sensed by multiple satellites. The comparison of geomagnetic perturbations, auroral brightenings, and energetic particle data in the magnetotail with the IMF observations shows successive substorm-like activations accompanied by ground Pi2 onsets. For a clear variation cycle, the first Pi2 burst appears 36 ± 8 min after southward turning of the IMF and the second one follows14 ± 4 min after a northward turning. Moreover, ground Pi2 onsets recur under low IMF clock angle conditions. These observational results can be interpreted with the prevailing models of externally triggered substorm. But the solar wind coupling to the magnetosphere under quiet conditions proceeds in a less efficient way than under substorm time conditions. Consequently, we suggest that recurrent quiet-time Pi2s can be associated with IMF variations and their cause can be the same as those for substorm times.     

Observation of Mercury’s sodium tail using Fabry–Perot Interferometer

We observed sodium emission from Mercury’s atmosphere using a Fabry–Perot Interferometer at Haleakala Observatory on June 14, 2006. The Fabry–Perot Interferometer was used as a wavelength-tunable filter. The spectra of the surface reflection were subtracted from the observed spectra because sodium emission is contaminated by the surface reflection of Mercury. The image obtained in our observation shows the sodium exosphere extended to the anti-solar direction. The lifetime of a sodium atom was estimated to be 1.6 × 10⁴ to 1.9 × 10⁵ s with an error by a factor of 3–4.