爆震管内扰流片对爆震波影响的数值分析

为了研究扰流片对两相爆震过程中燃烧转爆震的影响,建立两相低雷诺数湍流爆震模型,应用二维粘性CE/SE方法进行数值求解。结果表明,爆震波压力计算值与实验压力值符合得较好,扰流片的存在能显著缩短燃烧转爆震的时间;且对一固定尺寸的爆震管,扰流片的片数和间距都存在最佳值,使得燃烧转爆震时间最短。     

Adaptive modification of turbofan engine nonlinear model based on LSTM neural networks and hybrid optimization method

An accurate and reliable turbofan engine model which can describe its dynamic behavior within the full flight envelop and lifecycle plays a critical role in performance optimization, controller design and fault diagnosis. However, due to the performance differences caused by the tolerance of engine manufacturing and assembly, and performance degradation during continuously stringent environmental regulations, the model accuracy is severely reduced. In this paper, an adaptive modification method of turbofan engine nonlinear Component-Llevel Model (CLM) based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Neural Network (NN) and hybrid optimization algorithm is pro-posed. First, a dynamic compensator with a combined LSTM NN architecture is constructed to compensate for the initial error between the experimental data and CLM of a turbofan engine under health condition. Then, a sensitivity analysis approach based on the entropy coefficient and technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution integrated evaluation is developed to choose the unmeasurable health parameters to be adjusted. Finally, a parallel hybrid optimization algorithm is developed to complete the adaptive model modification when the performance degrades. The proposed method is verified on a military low-bypass twin-spool turbofan engine, and the experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

斜置平板的低速风洞实验研究

利用油流法和烟线法相结合的流动显示技术对不同斜掠角和迎角组合下的斜置平板进行了流场显示和和天平测力实验研究.油流显示结果揭示了斜置平板表面分离流动和再附流动的流动特征;烟线显示结果则揭示了斜置平板周围的涡系结构,从而解释了油流显示中所观察到的现象.通过天平测力,我们得到了斜置平板的滚转力矩特性和升力特性.实验结果表明:在小迎角下,随着模型斜掠角度的增加,一条展向发展的涡流动生成于模型的后掠段,该涡流动使滚转力矩保持为相对较小的正值;大迎角下,从斜置平板模型的前掠尖点生成了一股沿展向发展的涡流动,且随着模型斜掠角度的增加,涡流动的影响范围从模型的前掠段扩展到了后掠段,从而使滚转力矩先减小后增大.     

Plume aerodynamic effects of cushion engine in lunar landing

 During the second period of China "Tanyue" Project, the explorer will softland on the moon. The cushion engines are used to decelerate the explorer and reduce the impact on the lunar ground. It is necessary to study its plume effects on the explorer component. The self-developed PWS (Plume WorkStation) software based on direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method is used to simulate the plume effects of two 150 N engines. Due to the complex structure of the explorer, PWS uses a decoupling method to treat the boundary mesh, which mainly interacts with simulation particles, and has no relation with the computational grids. After the analytical expressions of plane surfaces and curved surfaces of each boundary block are given, the particle position within or without the boundary blocks can be easily determined. Finally the 3D plume field of two 150 N engines is simulated. The pressure, temperature and velocity distributions of plume field are clearly presented by three characteristic slices. The aerodynamic effects on the explorer bottom, the landfall legs and antenna are separately shown. The compression influence on the plume flow of four landfall legs can be observed.     

横向射流起爆爆震波数值研究

采用CFD软件对横向喷射的射流在预先充满丙烷/空气恰当比混合物的爆震室中起爆爆震波的过程和机理进行了数值模拟,并讨论了射流的压力、速度以及温度对爆震波起爆特性的影响.结果表明,对于计算的物理模型,爆震射流不能在爆震室中直接起爆爆震波;射流与壁面的碰撞形成激波反射,激波反射产生的横渡、热点和局部爆震引发起爆;能够成功起爆爆震波的横向射流存在最小的射流压力,该射流压力为0.9MPa;较小的射流压力、较小的射流速度或较低的射流温度都不利于横向射流在爆震室中起爆爆震波.     

低温等离子体放电区长度对点火起爆的影响

为了研究低温等离子体放电区长度,即放电区间隙不变,体积大小对脉冲爆震发动机点火起爆的影响,以丙烷为燃料,空气和纯氧为氧化剂,充分考虑其详细的化学反应动力学机理,将低温等离子体放电区等效为高温高压火核,对放电区长度为20,40,60mm三种结构,利用Fluent软件,对点火起爆过程进行数值模拟,并进行对比分析.结果表明:将低温等离子体放电区等效为高温高压火核是可行的,能够得到完整的点火起爆过程;不同放电区长度,对初始火焰形成、火焰传播速度和缓燃转爆震(DDT)时间有很大影响,对爆震波峰值压力影响不大.      

螺旋脉冲爆震室实验

为缩短脉冲爆震室轴向长度以及爆燃向爆震转变距离,设计加工了螺旋脉冲爆震室,采用液态汽油为燃料,空气为氧化剂,进行了一系列实验.在实验过程中,对比研究了常规直管脉冲爆震室以及螺旋脉冲爆震室的爆燃向爆震转变性能;并分析研究了螺旋脉冲爆震室多循环工作特性.结果表明:与直管脉冲爆震室相比,螺旋脉冲爆震室爆燃向爆震转变距离至少缩短了约11.2%;螺旋脉冲爆震室可以在5~20Hz频率下稳定工作;螺旋脉冲爆震室设计方案可行.      

间接起爆对脉冲爆震发动机热效率影响

建立了基于整个燃烧室内经历不同燃烧方式下所有工质来评估脉冲爆发动机平均循环热效率的方法,通过二维数值方法对两种采用不同数目障碍物的爆震管模型的起爆特性及循环热效率进行了研究,并分析了燃烧波传播的距离与DDT距离之比（定义为ξ）对模型热效率的影响.结果表明:①间接起爆方式及不同DDT强化装置都会影响系统的循环热效率;②就计算模型,当ξ接近1时,其系统平均循环热效率仅为理想爆震循环热效率的60%左右;③随着ξ的增加,间接起爆方式的影响迅速减弱;④当ξ为1.5时,系统平均循环热效率可达爆震燃烧热效率的93%.      

吸气式PDE中心锥鳞片阀工作原理与试验研究

为了增强吸气式脉冲爆轰发动机进气阀的防倒流效果、缩短发动机的燃烧转爆轰时间,设计了中心锥鳞片阀(CCSV),并进行了中心锥鳞片阀(CCSV)与中心锥钝体阀(CCBV)的对比试验研究。采用精细雾化喷嘴作为雾化装置,成功实现了10Hz工况下中心锥鳞片阀吸气式脉冲爆轰发动机的协调工作,爆轰波平均峰值压力为1.65MPa,爆轰波速度为1371m/s。研究结果表明:中心锥鳞片阀(CCSV)具有良好的单向阀功能,有效地防止了燃气倒流,缩短了燃烧转爆轰时间。相比于中心锥钝体阀(CCBV),燃烧转爆轰时间下降了19.03%。     

脉动来流对涡轮非定常气动性能影响机理

以周期性脉动来流模拟旋转爆震燃烧室出口流场,研究了来流脉动幅值和频率对GE-E3高压涡轮级非定常内流特性的影响机理。结果表明:来流脉动幅值的增加会加强涡轮内部流场的非定常性,放大流场参数的时空差异;随着脉动频率的增加,涡轮内部流场的脉动幅值逐渐减弱,不同动叶时均载荷分布趋于一致。在来流脉动频率为5 244 Hz的条件下,来流脉动系数逐步增加到04时,涡轮效率降低1399%;而在来流脉动系数为03的条件下,来流脉动频率逐步增加到10 488 Hz时,涡轮效率降低1557%。来流脉动幅值和频率的增加会加剧端壁二次流动和叶栅流动分离,并使得动叶进气攻角偏离设计状态,降低涡轮的工作效率。