非预混条件下的旋转爆轰燃烧室双波头演化过程数值模拟

针对旋转爆轰燃烧室双波头演化过程中流场结构变化的问题,对非预混条件下的旋转爆轰燃烧室从起爆到形成稳定的双波头过程进行了数值模拟研究。研究结果表明,从起爆到形成稳定爆轰过程,燃烧室主要经历了起爆、爆轰波对撞和稳定爆轰三个阶段;在爆轰波对撞阶段,首次对撞是两个爆轰波间的对撞,由于对撞点处缺少新鲜混合气,从而在对撞结束后衰减为两个压力波。第二次对撞是两个压力波间的对撞,因为在第二次对撞点附近存在新鲜混合气来支撑爆轰波的持续传播,故对撞结束后产生了一个爆轰波和一个较弱的压力波;第二次对撞发生后,燃烧室内的压力波反射叠加并形成局部高压区,此高压区压缩气体使气体温度升高,高温气体引燃混合气后,最终发展成为第二个爆轰波;稳定阶段,两个爆轰波均能稳定自持传播,爆轰波峰面压力可达1.45MPa,波后温度为2500K,爆轰波速度稳定在1738m/s,产生的推力与比冲分别为79.76N和2312.15s;斜激波的存在使燃烧室出口平面流场产生了较大波动。      

Experimental study of a controlled variable double-baffle distortion generator engine test rig

In order to explore the total-pressure distortion test assessment method for a turbofan engine, a Controlled Variable Double-Baffle Distortion Generator(CVDBDG) with a horizontal symmetry moving form was developed, which can adjust the steady-state and time–variant distortion separately in real time. The inlet total-pressure distortion test was conducted on an afterburner turbofan engine. The distortion parameters of CVDBDG and the instability characteristics of the engine were measured. The experimental data were modeled and analyzed by using back propagation artificial neural networks, and the work envelope of CVDBDG was obtained. Based on the analysis of the data on the engine's instability, the properties of CVDBDG used for the stability assessment were preliminarily evaluated. The results show that CVDBDG can simulate both steady-state and time–variant distortions simultaneously in a range determined by three envelopes.Under the condition of symmetric double baffles, a critical depth of insertion exists, beyond which the symmetric baffles will generate an asymmetric flow field. In the case of double baffles, compared to a single baffle, the engine exhibited different instability characteristics. Based on CVDBDG, it is expected that more efficient engine stability and durability assessment methods can be developed.     

Experimental research on rotating detonation with liquid hypergolic propellants

This paper describes experimental research into the initiation and propagation of rotating detonation for liquid Nitrogen TetrOxide (NTO) and liquid MonoMethylHydrazine (MMH). An annular rocket-type combustor without nozzle was designed to investigate detonation combustion. The propellants were injected through unlike impingement injectors. The combustion flame fronts and pressure waves were detected using optical diagnostics and dynamic pressure sensors, respectively. The propagation of rotating detonation was established spontaneously by increasing the mass flow rate of propellants. The velocity of propagation of the flame fronts and pressure waves was nearly equal and reaches supersonic speed. Two different detonation combustion patterns are present, single wave mode and double waves mode. And in double waves mode, the two detonation waves are always counter-rotating. The possibility of rotating detonation initiation in a combustor with nozzle was also checked. Stable rotating detonation can be initialized and sustained at similar operating conditions.     

进气系统对无阀脉冲爆震发动机性能影响试验研究

模拟亚声速自由来流,以汽油和空气为推进剂,对吸气式PDE模型机进行了地面多循环爆震试验,研究了6种进气系统下PDE模型机的多循环爆震性能和推进性能。试验结果显示,不论采用何种进气系统,均能以低于50mJ的点火能量实现模型机的多循环单级起爆,且PDE平均推力均随着工作频率的增加而增加;来流喷口和进气道进口面积较小时增加速率较快。随着环缝堵塞比的增加,PDE的平均推力有所降低。     

凹面腔内二维激波会聚特性研究

为了研究凹面腔内二维激波会聚的特性,设计、建立了二维激波会聚冷态实验系统,进行了二维激波会聚冷态实验,结果表明:当射流入口宽度增大时,相同射流入射压力下,喷入凹面腔内的射流强度增大,导致凹面腔内的激波会聚强度增强,从而压力脉动幅值增大,频率也随之增大.数值模拟了二维冷态激波会聚过程,从模拟结果中的压力和频率上看,模拟结果与实验结果基本上是吻合的.     

脉冲爆震火箭发动机引射模态的起爆实验研究

为实现脉冲爆震火箭发动机(PDRE)引射模态下主爆震室的起爆,采用航空煤油和氧气作为推进剂,设计了PDRE引射模态的模型机,采用压电传感器测量主爆震室中爆震波的压力和速度.在主爆震室中成功实现了5 ～8Hz稳定连续的爆震,爆震波的峰值压力能够达到3MPa,爆震波以1600～ 2000m/s左右的速度在主爆震室中传播.实验结果表明:PDRE引射模态下主爆震室的DDT距离,远低于常规高能电喷起爆下的两相PDRE的DDT距离;高频PDRE引射模态下主爆震室的起爆难度加大;加长主爆震室、末端增加收敛段可以提高引射模态的爆震性能.     

蜂窝结构吸波材料的斜入射电磁吸波特性研究

为分析蜂窝结构吸波材料在电磁波斜入射条件下的反射特性,首先基于长波长近似条件下的强扰动理论,得到蜂窝结构吸波材料的等效电磁参数;再利用各向异性分层介质条件下的横向场传播的本征波解,推导出蜂窝结构吸波材料对斜入射电磁波的反射系数公式;进而得到蜂窝结构吸波材料的反射率随入射角的变化关系。反射率的计算结果表明：在特定入射角情况下,对于不同的蜂窝高度,吸收剂存在最优厚度,可使其反射率最小。研究结果对蜂窝结构吸波材料的优化设计具有一定意义。     

径向进气多管脉冲爆震发动机试验研究

为了缩短脉冲爆震发动机燃料/空气混气的充填时间,设计加工了旋转筒控制间歇进气的多爆震室PDE原型机,并开展了试验研究。试验结果表明,原型机在总频率60Hz条件下可以稳定间歇工作,并且产生了450N的正向推力。     

突跃型与平滑型斜爆震波起爆机制数值模拟

采用带有化学反应的Euler方程,对突跃型与平滑型2种形态的斜爆震波(ODW)在起爆机制和结构特点等方面的差异进行了研究.结果表明:斜激波(OSW)后是否存在亚声速区是判定斜爆震形态的依据.当波后火焰抬升斜激波面使得亚声速区存在时,横向激波与三波点结构就会出现并形成突跃型斜爆震.当波后所有区域皆为超声速区时,波后火焰燃烧无法影响到上游激波面,则会形成平滑型斜爆震.通过斜激波关系式给出了横向激波形成所需的临界斜激波角度,只有当斜激波角度大于此临界角度时才能形成突跃型斜爆震波,反之则形成平滑型斜爆震波.      

障碍物对脉冲爆震火箭发动机性能影响的实验研究

为了探究障碍物对脉冲爆震火箭发动机在无阀自适应工作方式下性能的影响,采用汽油为燃料,富氧空气为氧化剂,开展了工作频率为20Hz的无阀式多循环实验研究。实验中使用Shchelkin螺旋、螺旋凹槽、环形凹槽和孔板作为障碍物,并分析了其对起爆和推进性能的影响。研究结果表明,Shchelkin螺旋、螺旋凹槽和环形凹槽在阻塞比BR=0.36,0.46和0.56时都可实现PDRE的稳定工作,孔板在BR=0.56时无法实现爆震的起始;Shchelkin螺旋的DDT距离和DDT时间最短;实验测得的平均推力较理想流动模型理论值有13.3%~39.3%的亏损,BR=0.36的Shchelkin螺旋推力损失最小;螺旋凹槽与环形凹槽的DDT距离和DDT时间较长,没有明显的推力增益。