Inverse identification of constitutive parameters of Ti2AlNb intermetallic alloys based on cooperative particle swarm optimization

Ti₂AlNb intermetallic alloy is a relatively newly developed high-temperature-resistant structural material, which is expected to replace nickel-based super alloys for thermally and mechanically stressed components in aeronautic and automotive engines due to its excellent mechanical properties and high strength retention at elevated temperature. The aim of this work is to present a fast and reliable methodology of inverse identification of constitutive model parameters directly from cutting experiments. FE-machining simulations implemented with a modified Johnson-Cook (TANH) constitutive model are performed to establish the robust link between observables and constitutive parameters. A series of orthogonal cutting experiments with varied cutting parameters is carried out to allow an exact comparison to the 2D FE-simulations. A cooperative particle swarm optimization algorithm is developed and implemented into the Matlab programs to identify the enormous constitutive parameters. Results show that the simulation observables (i.e., cutting forces, chip morphologies, cutting temperature) implemented with the identified optimal material constants have high consistency with those obtained from experiments, which illustrates that the FE-machining models using the identified parameters obtained from the proposed methodology could be predicted in a close agreement to the experiments. Considering the wide range of the applied unknown parameters number, the proposed inverse methodology of identifying constitutive equations shows excellent prospect, and it can be used for other newly developed metal materials.     

空间目标快速轮廓特征提取与跟踪技术

为满足空间目标交会对接任务中高精度、快速的测量要求,提出了一种空间目标快速轮廓特征提取与跟踪技术。该算法首先从初始帧图像中分割定位目标所在局部区域,作为目标连续跟踪的初始值;其次基于初始帧目标局部区域完成对初始帧目标边缘特征的检测及细化处理;最后采用Hough变换完成对初始帧目标边缘的检测及细化后的局部图像轮廓直线的提取,分别选取目标轮廓四方向最优的直线参数作为最终目标轮廓直线获取的效果,并采用梯度最大法则实现两两求交获取的轮廓特征的优化提取。在目标逼近过程中,结合相邻帧图像间目标尺度动态变化的关联性,根据初始帧提取目标轮廓特征的先验信息,确定目标在第二帧图像中的轮廓位置,并依次根据上一帧图像的轮廓位置信息定位目标在当前帧所在的区域,通过局部处理实现序列图像轮廓区域特征的连续跟踪。该算法无需遍历整个图像,所需处理的目标区域大幅减小,能够有效克服由目标图像较多边缘干扰导致的轮廓提取效果差及处理速度慢的缺点,具有速度快、准确性强、稳定性高等优点。     

Inertial parameter estimation and control of non-cooperative target with unilateral contact constraint

In this paper, the relative sliding motion between the target and the manipulator’s end-effector is considered and characterized as a unilateral contact constraint. A new possible solution is presented to estimate the inertial parameters of a non-cooperative target while the relative sliding motion exists. First, the detailed analysis of the dynamical model is presented, and a parameter-explicit linear time-varying model is obtained. Then, an extended state observer is constructed based on the new model, which can effectively estimate the unknown inertial parameters of the target when relative sliding motion exists. As the modified reactionless controller requires the knowledge of inertial parameters, a hybrid post-capture control scheme is also established based on the switch law between different controllers. The correctness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm are validated by numerical simulation, which proves a potential framework for the non-cooperative target post-capture operation.     

RCS测试系统几何量参数综合校准技术研究

本文针对RCS测试系统的计量需求,阐述了RCS测试系统几何量参数校准技术研究情况。围绕雷达反射面型面参数、设备空间几何位置参数、定标体几何参数的有限目标开展了校准技术研究,研制了RCS测试系统的几何参数综合校准系统,并在国内几个典型的RCS测试系统进行了应用验证,初步建立了RCS测试系统几何量参数量值溯源体系,为国内RCS测试系统的量值统一、数据准确打下了坚实的技术基础。     

采用改进非支配近邻免疫算法的低轨混合星座设计优化

针对低轨同构星座覆盖资源在纬度上分布不均匀的不足,提出采用低轨混合星座提升覆盖均匀性的设计方案,并推导了满足全球任意点平均每天覆盖一定次数的最小卫星规模估算公式。针对非支配近邻免疫算法（NNIA）约束处理方面的不足,提出基于约束支配的改进非支配近邻免疫算法（Modified NNIA）,并以此设计了一种低轨混合星座优化平台来优化带约束的星座设计问题。仿真结果表明,改进的NNIA算法在收敛速度和多样性上均优于非支配分层遗传算法（NSGA II）和多目标粒子群算法（MOPSO）,可大大提高星座设计的效率。同时优化结果也表明低轨混合星座可提高覆盖的均匀性和大部分区域的覆盖次数,进而减少特定覆盖要求所需的卫星数目。     

基于光照模糊相似融合不变矩的航天器目标识别

针对航天器目标识别中现有的光照变化和图像模糊条件下几何仿射不变矩识别不稳健问题,根据灰度光照模型,结合图像模糊和不变矩的基本理论,提出了一种光照模糊不变量,与几何仿射不变矩进行融合,构建出一种新的光照模糊相似融合（CIBA）不变矩,并从理论上证明了光照、模糊和相似变换（平移、缩放和旋转）不变性。对3种不同的航天器目标的识别实验表明,光照模糊相似融合不变矩在最小距离分类器中的识别准确率达到了86.37%,比几何仿射不变矩提高了94.00%,比具有光照不变性的几何仿射不变矩提高了24.54%,有效地解决了对不同位姿、不同光照模糊条件下的航天器目标识别问题,提高了基于矩的目标识别鲁棒性。     

基于视频数据的机场跑道外来物检测

提出了一种基于视频数据的机场跑道外来物(FOD,Foreign Object Debris)检测算法,该算法包括几何校正、背景差分、杂波抑制和伪装消除等4个步骤.其中,几何校正排除了摄像头轻微抖动造成的图像差异;背景差分利用每个像素对应的颜色向量信息,建立背景模型并进行定时更新;杂波抑制和伪装消除利用差分图像和原始图像信息,建立马尔科夫随机场和概率统计模型,在降低虚警的同时提高了检测率.将本算法应用于两组不同光照条件下获取的视频图像,检测不同形状和颜色的FOD目标;采用本算法对机场实测数据进行测试,验证了算法的有效性.     

对象驱动的软件测试性度量

为了使用统一的方式度量各种软件的测试性,降低测试性度量的难度和费用,提出一种对象驱动的软件测试性度量方法. 方法基于一个由测试性度量、易测试特性度量、测试性因素度量及其关系构成的软件测试性度量框架,首先分析度量的对象,确定对象的类型、对象所属软件的类型和测试情况;然后根据软件的类型和测试情况,从度量框架中选取匹配的元素,构造一个专用的软件测试性度量框架;最后根据度量对象的类型,使用专用软件测试性度量框架中的元素计算测试性因素、易测试特性或测试性. 应用表明方法能够得到软件测试性的定量结果,预计测试资源,为软件测试提供帮助.      

Aerodynamic design of tractor propeller for high-performance distributed electric propulsion aircraft

Aiming to maximize the aerodynamic performance of the Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) aircraft, a hybrid design framework which focuses on the aerodynamic performance of the propeller/wing integration has been developed and validated numerically. Variable-fidelity modelling for propeller aerodynamics has been used to achieve computational efficiency with reasonable accuracy. By optimizing the aerodynamic loading distributions on the tractor propeller disk, the induced slipstream is redistributed into a form that is beneficial for the wing downstream, based on which the propeller blade geometry is generated through a rapid inversed design procedure. As compared with the Minimum Induced Loss (MIL) propeller at a specified thrust level, significant improvements of both the lift-to-drag ratio of the wing and the propeller/wing integrated aerodynamic efficiency is achieved, which shows great promise to deliver aerodynamic benefits for the wing within the propeller slipstream without any additional devices.