一种基于多目标决策的超音速民机方案评价方法

以旅客对于超音速民机的需求为出发点,结合人机环境工程中的人体疲劳概念,采用一种基于多目标决策的超音速民机方案评价方法,对超音速民机方案进行评价。将旅客对于旅行快速性、舒适性和经济性方面的要求作为建模的基本属性,建立旅客出行时对于飞机机型选择的多目标决策模型,从市场需求的角度来论证超音速民机方案的可行性。阐述了该可行性方案研究方法的实现原理及建模步骤,并将方法用于新一代超音速民机的初步方案评价中。     

运动平台上基于粒子滤波的目标跟踪技术

在固定平台上实现视频运动目标的准确跟踪本身就是一项富有挑战性的工作。何况在运动平台上,受到背景杂波、亮度变化以及摄像机运动等干扰的影响,要想成功地对目标进行跟踪则更加困难。提出将强度梯度跟踪器与粒子滤波相结合,实现对运动平台上的视频序列中的运动目标的准确跟踪。实验结果表明,跟踪方法能准确、可靠地自动跟踪视频序列中的运动目标。     

一种图斑特征引导的感知分组视觉注意模型

 结合自顶向下和自底向上的信息处理策略,提出了一种新的视觉注意模型,该模型利用图斑特征信息引导感知分组过程,使注意力关注于任务相关区域。通过引入多尺度图斑,关联图斑和底层特征,新模型利用图斑特征建立先验信息的知识表达形式。对于给定新的场景,新模型能够使用先验信息,提高和目标对象相关特征的显著性。通过视觉预注意阶段计算得到的中间数据,提取图斑特征向量作为引导,不断迭代积累对象,合并区域表征对象,由表征简单对象开始,进而表征复杂对象,迅速有效地引导视觉注意力关注任务相关区域。实验比较了新模型、显著区域提取模型及波谱残留模型,证明了所提模型的优越性。     

Fast solar radiation pressure modelling with ray tracing and multiple reflections

Physics based SRP (Solar Radiation Pressure) models using ray tracing methods are powerful tools when modelling the forces on complex real world space vehicles. Currently high resolution (1?mm) ray tracing with secondary intersections is done on high performance computers at UCL (University College London). This study introduces the BVH (Bounding Volume Hierarchy) into the ray tracing approach for physics based SRP modelling and makes it possible to run high resolution analysis on personal computers. The ray tracer is both general and efficient enough to cope with the complex shape of satellites and multiple reflections (three or more, with no upper limit). In this study, the traditional ray tracing technique is introduced in the first place and then the BVH is integrated into the ray tracing. Four aspects of the ray tracer were tested for investigating the performance including runtime, accuracy, the effects of multiple reflections and the effects of pixel array resolution.Test results in runtime on GPS IIR and Galileo IOV (In Orbit Validation) satellites show that the BVH can make the force model computation 30–50 times faster. The ray tracer has an absolute accuracy of several nanonewtons by comparing the test results for spheres and planes with the analytical computations. The multiple reflection effects are investigated both in the intersection number and acceleration on GPS IIR, Galileo IOV and Sentinel-1 spacecraft. Considering the number of intersections, the 3rd reflection can capture $99.12\%\text{,}99.14\%$, and $91.34\%$ of the total reflections for GPS IIR, Galileo IOV satellite bus and the Sentinel-1 spacecraft respectively. In terms of the multiple reflection effects on the acceleration, the secondary reflection effect for Galileo IOV satellite and Sentinel-1 can reach 0.2?$\text{nm}/{\text{s}}^2$ and 0.4?$\text{nm}/{\text{s}}^2$ respectively. The error percentage in the accelerations magnitude results show that the 3rd reflection should be considered in order to make it less than $0.035\%$. The pixel array resolution tests show that the dimensions of the components have to be considered when choosing the spacing of the pixel in order not to miss some components of the satellite in ray tracing. This paper presents the first systematic and quantitative study of the secondary and higher order intersection effects. It shows conclusively the effect is non-negligible for certain classes of misson.     

固体火箭发动机动力相似准则研究

本文以小发动机模拟大发动机为目标，探讨固体火箭发动机的动力相似准则，首先把动力相惟问题归结为燃烧室，喷管一体化流动的相似问题，通过对全三维Ｎ－Ｓ方程所进行的无量纲化分析，在几何相似的前提下，得到固体火箭发动机动力的流上似准则，再通过对控制方程的单值性条件所进行了无量纲化分析，得到了在初始状相似条件下的燃速相似准则；另外还得到了飞行条件相似、燃烧温度相似以及普朗特数相等。并进一步对这些准则进行了分析     

《蝇王》象征体系的构建

《蝇王》是当代英国著名小说家威廉.戈尔丁的第一部小说。戈尔丁以象征手法和寓言为主要叙述技巧来表现“人心的黑暗”这一主题。主要从背景、人物以及实物这3个方面分析象征主义手法在《蝇王》中的运用,正是通过这种无处不在的象征,戈尔丁向人们揭示出社会的一切弊端无不是由人的邪恶本性造成,并希望现代人能认识自己的本性,有意识地抑制本性中的黑暗面,起到了警世的作用。     

Modelling the heliosphere

An overview of our present efforts at the Bartol Research Institute in modelling the largescale interaction of the solar wind with the local interstellar medium is presented. Particular stress is placed on the self-consistent inclusion of neutral hydrogen in the models and both 2D and 3D structure is discussed. Observational implications are noted.     

Communications satellite business ventures : Measuring the impact of technology programmes and related policies

Both commercial organizations and government agencies invest in spacecraft technology programmes aimed at increasing the performance of communications satellites. Government agencies also make policy decisions which may affect communications satellite business ventures. This article describes an economic evaluation and planning tool which has been developed to assess the impact of various policies on typical fixed satellite service business ventures. The methodology is based upon a stochastic financial simulation model (DOMSAT II) which allows for consideration of reliability and various market, performance and cost uncertainties. Results of the assessment of NASA on-orbit and space power technology programmes are presented, as are results of insurance v self insurance decisions and the choice of transportation system.