基于涡系相交不稳定性的飞机尾流控制方法

在飞机飞行的过程中尾涡会伴随着升力产生,威胁后机的飞行安全.在简化机翼模型上添加扰流片,通过一个矩形翼以引入一个与主翼尾涡大小不同、方向相反的小涡,构建尾流自消散四涡系统,以期诱发尾涡的Rayleigh-Ludwig相交不稳定性.通过改变扰流片的大小形状,调整模型的攻角和拖曳速度,采用粒子图像速度场仪测量系统定量研究在低雷诺数下单主翼尾涡发展特性以及双涡相互作用特性.研究表明:在未添加扰流片时,尾涡环量在45个翼展内相对于初始环量基本保持不变;在添加扰流片的情况下尾涡的环量衰减可以达到35%~55%,而未添加的基本翼型的尾涡的环量则几乎保持不变,这说明添加适当的扰流片能诱发尾涡的Rayleigh-Ludwig相交不稳定性,加速尾涡的消散,当小涡和主涡的初始环量比为-0.489、初始距离比为0.5时,45个翼展范围内,尾涡环量衰减55.9%.本文系统性的实验结果可以为低尾流机翼的设计提供参考依据.      

The ground GNSS tomography – unconstrained approach

The GNSS signal along its more than 20,000 km line of sight is bended, attenuated and delayed. These effects are results of the Earth’s atmosphere, and Sun radiation. Amongst all mentioned effects the one considered in this paper is a signal phase delay in troposphere.     

Optimization of communication network topology for navigation sharing among distributed satellites

Navigation sharing among distributed satellites is quite important for coordinated motion and collision avoidance. This paper proposes optimization methods of the communication network topology to achieve navigation sharing. The whole communication network constructing by inter-satellite links are considered as a topology graph. The aim of this paper is to find the communication network topology with minimum communication connections’ number (MCCN) in different conditions. It has found that the communication capacity and the number of channels are two key parameters affecting the results. The model of MCCN topology for navigation sharing is established and corresponding method is designed. Two main scenarios, viz., homogeneous case and heterogeneous case, are considered. For the homogeneous case where each member has the same communication capacity, it designs a construction method (Algorithm 1) to find the MCCN topology. For the heterogeneous case, it introduces a modified genetic algorithm (Algorithm 2) to find the MCCN topology. When considering the fact that the number of channels is limited, the Algorithm 2 is further modified by adding a penalized term in the fitness function. The effectiveness of these algorithms is all proved in theoretical. Three examples are further tested to illustrate the methods developed in this paper.     

Solar activity dependence of total electron content derived from GPS observations over Mbarara

Vertical total electron content (VTEC) observed at Mbarara (geographic co-ordinates: 0.60°S, 30.74°E; geomagnetic coordinates: 10.22°S, 102.36°E), Uganda, for the period 2001–2009 have been used to study the diurnal, seasonal and solar activity variations. The daily values of the 10.7 cm radio flux (F_10.7) and sunspot number (R) were used to represent Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Variability (EUV). VTEC is generally higher during high solar activity period for all the seasons and increases from 0600 h LT and reaches its maximum value within 1400 h–1500 h LT. All analysed linear and quadratic fits demonstrate positive VTEC-F_10.7 and positive VTEC-R correlation, with all fits at 0000 h and 1400 h LT being significant with a confidence level of 95% when both linear and quadratic models are used. All the fits at 0600 h LT are insignificant with a confidence level of 95%. Generally, over Mbarara, quadratic fit shows that VTEC saturates during all seasons for F_10.7 more than 200 units and R more than 150 units. The result of this study can be used to improve the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) prediction of TEC around the equatorial region of the African sector.     

考虑分布参数依赖的风险混合不确定性分析方法

在定量化风险评估中,针对变量分布参数存在依赖时的混合不确定性传播问题,提出一种考虑分布参数完全依赖、部分依赖以及独立传播情形的双层混合不确定性刻画与传播框架,内外层分布参数不确定性分别用概率分布与可能性分布刻画,采用蒙特卡罗模拟法与模糊扩展原则相结合的数值求解方法。针对认知不确定性分布参数依赖性,构建了统一的认知不确定性分布参数依赖性模型,并给出依赖性系数的概念。为实现认知不确定性分布参数独立性采样,设计了基于D-S证据理论与随机集相结合的不确定性传播算法,相比于概率刻画下的双层蒙特卡罗方法,计算代价有效降低。以某型氢氧发动机贮箱共底漏气率为算例,验证本文方法的有效性与可行性。     

基于遗传进化算法反演吸波结构电磁参数

对多层吸波结构中未知参数层的电磁参数进行了反演.根据传输线理论确立的多层结构电磁参数与反射/透射系数的关系,建立正向反射率计算模型,根据自由空间法原理搭建的测试平台测量得到多层吸波材料不同入射角度下的反射率信息,利用改进的遗传进化算法获取了多层吸波结构中未知参数层的电磁参数.在遗传进化过程中,采用高斯随机数代替基本遗传算法的均匀随机数,避免了传统网络参数法厚度谐振、多值性问题和基本遗传算法易陷入局部最优点的问题.与传统传输/反射法结果的比较,验证了这种方法的可靠性.这种方法同时适用于计算高、低损耗介质材料的电磁参数.      

一种地月转移轨道中途修正的制导算法

针对地月转移轨道中途修正问题,提出了一种求解修正速度增量的制导算法。该算法由初值设计和精确解求解两部分组成。首先,利用伪状态理论,通过简单迭代设计中途修正的初值,并通过Vinti预报方法修正了地球扁率的影响。然后,在求解精确解时,提出了一种基于伪状态理论的状态转移矩阵解析算法。该算法通过设计高精度的初值,降低了求解地月转移轨道中途修正问题的难度,而且避免了传统数值方法计算状态转移矩阵的复杂性。数值仿真结果表明,该算法可有效求解中途修正问题。     

飞机外形参数的气动与隐身综合优化设计

以气动力及雷达散射截面参数为目标函数,主要优化对总体外形和飞机性能影响较大的机翼、尾翼的平面形状几何参数以及少数几个机身几何参数;根据第4代战斗机的设计要求,确定各个目标的理想值、最低可接受值,以及各个约束的满足区间,应用模糊优化理论,建立各个目标的满意度函数及各个约束条件的满足度函数,并使用多目标总满意度函数和常权、变权的不同组合,建立了5种外形参数模糊优化模型,使设计人员可以根据不同的设计思想和设计目的选择优化模型与翼面形状的组合.     

R&D项目中止决策的实证研究

在与本领域专家探讨及调研相关资料的基础上,针对性地设计了适用于R&D项目中止决策的指标体系, 提出了改进的Fuzzy模式识别方法, 并将其成功地应用于某飞机制造企业的R&D项目的中止决策实践.该方法对Fuzzy模式识别方法的改进主要体现在两个方面:①利用集值统计方法得出了各指标的权重;②计算样本间的距离时,利用了广义欧氏距离公式.      

形状误差分离技术的统一理论——同源、统一的各种直线形状误差分离方法评述

在对国内外现行直线形状误差分离技术分析研究的基础上,论述了各种分离方法的特点和相互关系,从原理、测量准确度和工程应用方面着眼,评述了直线形状误差测量与分离的各种主流方法--"频域三点法"、"时域递推三点法"、"二点法"、"混合两点法"、"时域乱序四点法"、"精密三点法"和"最小二乘逐次多点法"等.指出了各种方法的同源性和统一性,评述了它们的应用条件及优缺点,同时讨论了随机误差和传感器调零误差的影响及消除方法.