涡扇发动机闭环控制系统设计仿真平台

航空发动机闭环控制系统的设计过程复杂且环节繁多,如果通过某平台综合多个设计过程,必然可以简化流程,提高效率.在总结国内外相关文献的基础上,针对民用涡扇发动机,在Matlab/Simulink下,利用模块化方法构建包含稳态控制器、过渡态控制器以及极限保护器的涡扇发动机闭环控制系统仿真平台,并对其进行仿真测试和硬件在回路实验.结果表明,所构建的仿真平台满足控制系统的性能和实时性要求,具有良好的工程适用性.     

典型民机复合材料损伤分析及敲击检测

只有充分研究民机典型复合材料损伤机理,才能在复合材料的应用中最大限度地减少和避免其损伤,并且为复合材料的损伤修理奠定基础.通过对民机典型复合材料损伤的研究,分别从材料、设计、结构、制造与使用等方面入手,通过细观破坏机制阐述了层合复合材料的损伤.对部件的检测进行理论分析,找到易损伤位置,采用微观破坏机制运用敲击检测法对胶接复合材料就行了损伤检测,验证了二者的结合可提高检测效率及准确率.     

模型大迎角高速动态特性与数据精度分析

为满足新一代高机动飞机气动性能评估、控制系统精确设计与高机动作战指标实现的需求,模型高速风洞大迎角俯仰动态特性探索及其试验数据精度的确定势在必行,且具有十分重要的工程意义。选取70°三角翼模型、SDM和Su-27飞机模型,在FL-24风洞的大振幅俯仰动态试验技术平台上对动态气动特性与试验数据精度进行了研究,获取了70°三角翼模型、SDM和Su-27飞机模型动态气动特性与重复性试验结果。研究结果表明：试验条件下,3种模型的动态数据精度较高,基本达到了高速风洞大迎角常规测力试验数据的精度水平。     

马赫数可控的方转圆高超声速内收缩进气道试验研究

基于反正切马赫数分布的弥散反射激波中心体轴对称基准流场,设计了方转圆内收缩进气道,并对其进行自由射流试验和数值仿真,获得该类进气道设计点的工作特性。试验结果表明：进气道顶板压力分布具有反正切曲线特征,总体性能优良且出口涡流区较小,上述设计方法可行有效。设计点时出口总压恢复系数达到0.561,增压比为26.2,临界反压约为135倍来流静压,对应的总压恢复系数为0.210。当带4°攻角时,进气道出口增压比增加49.6%的同时总压恢复系数降低了17.5%。     

低马赫数下多凹腔燃烧室非稳态燃烧过程

作为稳定火焰的有效手段之一,凹腔构型在冲压发动机燃烧室研究中占有重要地位。在对以煤油为燃料的多凹腔燃烧室冷/热态流动特性分析的基础上,重点研究低进口马赫数条件下燃烧室点火起动初期非稳态过程。结果表明：上游凹腔内大涡结构有助于提高燃料的驻留时间,未燃混气被高速主流带入下游凹腔内继续反应,进一步提高燃烧效率;燃油喷射速度决定被卷吸进回流区的燃油质量分数的大小,进而影响燃烧效率高低;燃烧室点火起动初期出现了主流熄火、火焰逆流传播以及主流再着火等复杂现象,火焰逆流传播现象是在上游凹腔内燃料自燃与下游燃烧释热压缩来流两种机制共同作用下完成的。     

Design and implementation of rigid-flexible coupling for a half-flexible single jack nozzle

The aerodynamic design of a rigid-flexible coupling profile is the decisive factor for the flow-field quality of a supersonic free jet wind tunnel nozzle, and its mechanic dynamic features are the key for engineering implementation of continuous Mach number regulations. To fulfill the requirements of a free jet inlet/engine compatibility test within a wide simulation envelop, both uni-form flow-fields of continuous acceleration and deceleration are necessary. In this paper, the aero-dynamic design methods of an expansion wall and machinery implementation plan for the half-flexible single jack nozzle were researched. The profile control in nozzle flexible plate design was studied with a rigid-flexible coupling method. Design and calculations were performed with the help of numerical simulation. The technique of axial free stretching of the flexible plate was used to improve the matching performance between the designed elasticity profile and the theoretical one, and the rigid-flexible coupling structure was calibrated by wind tunnel tests. Results indicate that the flexible plate aerodynamic design method used here is effective and feasible. Via rigid-flexible coupling design, the flexible plate agrees with the rigid body very well, and continuous Mach number changes can be achieved during the tests. The nozzle’s exit flow-field uniformity meets the requirements of China Military Standard (GJB).     

一种鲁棒的概率核主成分分析模型

大数据时代面临的数据维数越来越高,对数据降维处理越发显得重要。经典的主成分分析模型已被证明是一种有效的数据降维方法。但它在处理非线性、存在噪声和异常点的数据时存在效果较差的问题。对此,文章提出了一种鲁棒概率核主成分分析模型。该模型将核方法与基于高斯隐变量模型的极大似然框架相结合,用多元 t分布作为先验分布,以同时解决主成分分析在这 3个方面的弊端。提出混合鲁棒概率核主成分分析模型,使其可直接用于对混合的非线性数据进行降维和聚类分析。在不同数据集上进行的实验结果表明,与标准的混合概率核主成分分析模型相比,文中模型在数据聚类方面有更高的准确率。     

壁面温度控制对平板边界层影响的数值研究

通过对零压力梯度的平板边界层流动施加温度控制,展开壁面温度控制对平板层流边界层和湍流边界层影响的研究,探索温度控制对平板转捩雷诺数和壁面摩擦阻力的影响规律。采用带有转捩模式的三方程湍流模型对平板边界层流动进行数值模拟,重点考察了壁面摩阻系数、平板转捩雷诺数、湍流边界层流动随壁面温度变化的规律。计算结果表明在壁面温度从288 K 增大到432 K 时,边界层转捩雷诺数增大约36%,表面摩擦阻力减少约9.6%。研究分析表明：加热控制使层流区域温度边界层内粘性作用增强,雷诺切应力和湍动能减小,流动更加稳定;而湍流区域边界层内粘性底层中速度梯度和粘性切应力减小,导致壁面处摩擦切应力减小。因此壁面加热控制可以延迟边界层转捩,减小湍流区摩阻系数,并减小平板摩擦阻力。     

深微孔内径测量技术研究

介绍了一种基于高准确度电感传感器和红宝石测头,在测长机上实现深微孔径测量的方法,解决了内径的Φ1mm～Φ5mm、深度在40mm以下的深微孔内径的测量问题。通过对深微孔径测量装置测量不确定度的分析,在95%置信概率下,装置的测量不确定度为0.6μm,满足测量要求。     

Future of Space Astronomy: A global Road Map for the next decades

The use of space techniques continues to play a key role in the advance of astrophysics by providing access to the entire electromagnetic spectrum from radio to high energy γ rays. The increasing size, complexity and cost of large space observatories places a growing emphasis on international collaboration. Furthermore, combining existing and future datasets from space and “ground based” observatories is an emerging mode of powerful and relatively inexpensive research to address problems that can only be tackled by the application of large multi-wavelength observations. While the present set of astronomical facilities is impressive and covers the entire electromagnetic spectrum, with complementary space and “ground based” telescopes, the situation in the next 10–20 years is of critical concern. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), to be launched not earlier than 2018, is the only approved future major space astronomy mission. Other major highly recommended space astronomy missions, such as the Wide-field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST), the International X-ray Observatory (IXO), Large Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and the Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics (SPICA), have yet to be approved for development.