关于国外对华反倾销的几点思考

本文分析了国外对我国出口商品实施反倾销的特点及原因,提出应对国外反倾销的主要措施。     

Selecting a reference frame

Reference frames are representations that parse space. In the case of spatial terms, reference frames mediate the mapping of linguistic expressions onto spatial configurations of objects. In the sentence ``The fly is above the cat,' ``above' is defined with respect to a reference frame that is imposed on the cat. Different types of reference frames can be used to define spatial terms, each based on a different source of information. For example, gravity, the orientation of objects in the scene or the orientation of the viewer can all be used to set the orientation of a reference frame. When these reference frames disagree (because the viewer is reclining or because the objects in the scene are overturned), there are competing definitions for the spatial term, resulting in the need for reference frame selection. The purpose of this paper is to review a line of research that examines reference frame selection in the context of spatial language. This work shows that all reference frames are initially active and assign a direction to a spatial term. Moreover, this activation is automatic, and is followed by the selection of a single reference frame, with selection accompanied by inhibition of the non-selected frames. Parallels between reference frame selection in language and in perception and attention are discussed.     

转捩诱导法向力及其对细长尖锥气动特性的影响

边界层转捩时,是否会出现诱导法向气动载荷,这是一个很有意义的问题。本文介绍了在高超音速风洞中完成的静态气动力实验与动态气动力实验,它证实这种诱导法向载荷是存在的,是边界层转捩的不对称性造成的,并对细长锥的气动特性有明显而呈规律性的影响。     

The new debate on the working methods of the UNCOPUOS Legal Subcommittee

The 2014 session of the Legal Subcommittee (LSC) of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS) saw a particularly extensive and thorough debate on the working methods of this forum, which has the status of the highest body in space law making. By discussing the working methods it also became apparent how delegations actually regard the LSC and what expectations they have from it. In a time of considerable changes in space activities and space diplomacy alike, it was only a matter of time that such a comprehensive discussion arose. And while it did not immediately lead to decisions, it provided numerous signals for the future of the LSC.     

常用分布分位数的关系及应用

在可靠性统计分析中一些有着重要应用价值的结果含有自由度为1的常用分布的分位数。为便于应用,文章探讨了分布t (1)、χ2(1)、F(1,1)和N(0,1)分位数的关系及计算方法;给出了分布N (0,1)分位数的一个新的简单有效的计算公式,给自由度为1的常用分布统计分析计算提供了一个不用借助于查表而可以进行初步分析的简便方法。     

Verb Semantics Affects the Interpretation of Spatial Prepositions

Abstract

Spatial prepositions, more specifically projective prepositions, such as in front of or behind can be interpreted in different ways. Their interpretation depends on the spatial perspective taken as the basis for determining the reference frame's orientation. In 3 series of placement experiments with German speakers, we examined whether the interpretation of projective prepositions in a motion context is affected by the verb used in a spatial instruction. Results suggest that verb semantics is a factor accounting for previously observed seemingly social-situational differences in the interpretation of projective prepositions. Specifically, the findings indicate that, relative to a car as reference object, the semantic aspect of motion interruption associated with some verbs leads to a higher proportion of deictic interpretations determined by the direction from which one is approaching the car. This verb effect on the interpretation of spatial prepositions can be explained by an activation of the temporal dimension through stop-implying verbs, which is integrated into the spatial situation model of the perceived dynamic scene making the deictic frame of reference more compatible. The experimental evidence also shows that verb semantics can account for previously unexplained cross-linguistic differences, and is related to patterns concerning the prepositional inventory of languages.     

Qualitative Spatial Reasoning for Topological Map Learning

Abstract

In this paper we investigate the application of qualitative spatial reasoning methods for learning the topological map of an unknown environment. We develop a topological mapping framework that achieves robustness against ambiguity in the available information by tracking all possible graph hypotheses simultaneously. We then exploit spatial reasoning to reduce the space of possible hypotheses. The considered constraints are qualitative direction information and the assumption that the map is planar. We investigate the effects of absolute and relative direction information using two different spatial calculi and combine the approach with a real mapping system based on Voronoi graphs.     

非圆截面弹体附加表面积工程估算方法研究

引入附加质量、附加表面积的概念 ,给出基于细长体理论的非圆截面弹体附加表面积的工程估算方法 ,并提出了计算带倒角圆的正方形和不同顶角菱形附加表面积的通用公式 ,通过计算值与理论值的比较 ,误差在 2 %以内。并通过利用附加表面积计算的弹体法向力系数与试验值进行比较 ,法向力系数计算误差在 10 %以内 ,说明用本方法计算的附加表面积可以在工程初步估算时应用。     

定时截尾数据回归分析方法

提出定时截尾数据回归分析方法,建立定时截尾数据回归方程,给出回归系数和标准差的最佳无偏整体估计、百分位值的点估计及其置信限估计.详细讨论了工程中常见的极值分布、Weibull分布、正态分布以及一般位置-尺度分布场合下定时截尾数据的回归分析问题.该方法可以充分利用截尾时刻的试验信息,并将各个状态下的定时截尾数据作为一个整体进行统计分析,具有信息量大、精度高的特点,从而可以在试验时间、经费等有限的情况下对产品进行高精度的寿命预测和可靠性评估.