半个太阳活动周期内我国中纬地区上空电离层等效板厚的变化特征

本文用新乡(电离层400km对下点是:32.4°N,115.6°E)、重庆(电离层400km对下点是:27.2°N,108.7°E)接收日本同步卫星ETS-Ⅱ的信标资料,研究了我国中纬地区上空半个太阳活动周期内(1981—1985)电离层等效板厚的变化特征,得到了等效板厚日变化、季变化的二维和三维等值图。由付里叶分析和回归方法得出等效板厚日变化各谐波分量与太阳黑子数12个月滑动平均值之间存在弱的线性关系。同时指出在等效板厚日变化中,于当地时0400—0700LT存在一明显的黎明峰。并对出现这种峰的原因作了讨论。      

LEO原子氧剥蚀太阳电池阵Ag互连材料的试验研究

暴露在低地球轨道(LEO)上的太阳电池阵,会与大量具有极强氧化性的原子氧发生碰撞,导致太阳电池阵中对氧原子敏感的Ag互连材料受到剥蚀。文章依据原子氧剥蚀Ag材料的机理,选取了约400 km高度轨道上1年时间内原子氧的累积通量作为最高剂量,进行了原子氧剥蚀不同厚度Ag互连材料的地面模拟环境试验。试验表明:Ag在原子氧作用下在宏观上会经历"氧化—剥落"的循环剥蚀过程。根据反应方程简化推导了Ag互连片的剥蚀厚度公式,同时结合试验结果计算出了不同厚度Ag互连材料的厚度损失率。该研究成果可为LEO太阳电池阵原子氧防护设计提供技术支持。     

射线计算机成像技术在发动机变壁厚产品检测中的试验研究

针对液体火箭发动机离心轮、涡轮静子等厚度变化大的复杂激光选区熔化成形（SLM）钢构件在常规X射线胶片照相检测（RT）时,由于胶片的宽容度低造成的检测覆盖率低,存在漏检质量隐患的问题,采用射线计算机成像技术（CR）对该类变截面厚度差在5～20 mm内的钢构件进行检测。结果表明,CR检测图像宽容度是胶片照相检测的3倍,检测覆盖率高;以离心轮线状缺陷CR检测为例,且通过CT和理化检测验证证明,CR检测具有与胶片照相检测基本一致的缺陷检测灵敏度、可靠性。     

自适应机翼翼型变形的研究现状及关键技术

自适应机翼具有巨大的应用潜力,是未来飞机设计的必然趋势,已经得到了广泛的关注。分别从自适应变弯度前缘、自适应变弯度后缘以及变厚度机翼三个方面阐述了其变形原理,并对使用的蒙皮、驱动方式、研究方法等进行了归纳总结,指出了未来的发展趋势,提出了自适应机翼亟需解决的关键技术,包括兼具大变形和高承载功能的柔性蒙皮的设计、自适应驱动系统设计、协同控制系统的设计、分布式传感器网络,可为自适应机翼结构的设计与实现途径提供一定的技术参考。     

Framework and development of data-driven physics based model with application in dimensional accuracy prediction in pocket milling

In the manufacturing of thin wall components for aerospace industry, apart from the side wall contour error, the Remaining Bottom Thickness Error (RBTE) for the thin-wall pocket component (e.g. rocket shell) is of the same importance but overlooked in current research. If the RBTE reduces by 30%, the weight reduction of the entire component will reach up to tens of kilograms while improving the dynamic balance performance of the large component. Current RBTE control requires the off-process measurement of limited discrete points on the component bottom to provide the reference value for compensation. This leads to incompleteness in the remaining bottom thickness control and redundant measurement in manufacturing. In this paper, the framework of data-driven physics based model is proposed and developed for the real-time prediction of critical quality for large components, which enables accurate prediction and compensation of RBTE value for the thin wall components. The physics based model considers the primary root cause, in terms of tool deflection and clamping stiffness induced Axial Material Removal Thickness (AMRT) variation, for the RBTE formation. And to incorporate the dynamic and inherent coupling of the complicated manufacturing system, the multi-feature fusion and machine learning algorithm, i.e. kernel Principal Component Analysis (kPCA) and kernel Support Vector Regression (kSVR), are incorporated with the physics based model. Therefore, the proposed data-driven physics based model combines both process mechanism and the system disturbance to achieve better prediction accuracy. The final verification experiment is implemented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method for dimensional accuracy prediction in pocket milling, and the prediction accuracy of AMRT achieves 0.014 mm and 0.019 mm for straight and corner milling, respectively.     

Impact of bending dies with different friction forms on forming force and quality of tubes manufactured by free bending technology

In the 3D free bending forming system, the bending die can be designed either in a sliding type or rolling friction type. Bending die-based sliding friction type is often called normal bending dies; however, the bending dies-based rolling friction type includes bending die-based roller type and ball type in structure. In the current study, the impact of three bending dies on the forming force, and the bent tube quality was investigated. The obtained results showed that the tangential stresses and strains of the tubes formed by the bending die-based roller type were the smallest among the three bending dies. Besides, the spherical bearing force P_U was reduced drastically after using the roller type and ball type compared to the sliding friction type. Moreover, the uniformity of the wall thickness distribution of the tubes formed by the roller type and ball type was better than those obtained from the sliding friction type. In addition, the cross-section distortion rate was reduced by 2.8% using the roller type, and 1.8% using ball-type compared to the sliding friction type.     

数字地球中实时地形晕渲的实现方法

通过使用法线贴图的模式,不增加地面网格数的前提下,在三维数字地球仿真系统中实现了对全球地形的高精度实时晕眩效果的地形浏览.首先通过对高程数据进行分层分块处理,制作级地块法线贴图,再通过绘图芯片用可程序化像素着色器流程计算法线贴图的光照效果,最后将纹理贴到对应的分层三维地形网格上.根据光源的入射方向、色调、饱和度及亮度,计算中考虑了顶点的环境光、漫反射光、镜面反射光,在低地形网格数的前提下,实现了如高精度地形网格般的明显光影变化.      

CVI沉积炭纤维束的组织结构

采用CVI工艺在常压下对单束炭纤维进行热解沉积,天然气为前驱体,N2为载气,沉积温度为1 020～1 100℃,沿纤维束轴向分布。对不同位置炭纤维束外和束内热解炭组织结构分别进行PLM表征。研究发现,束外热解炭在距离热电偶(0位置)上方40～80 mm处沉积厚度达到最大,在0～80 mm内组织结构良好,主体为高织构;束内沉积热解炭的厚度较均匀,组织结构的变化与束外一致。对气体裂解过程中的反应气体组分进行模拟并与实验对比,发现生成高织构时,热解反应中间产物中的C2H2/C6H6范围为15～35。     

盘轴转子系统临界转速计算的改进传递矩阵法

在用传递矩阵法分析转子系统的临界转速时,传统的方法是忽略轮盘的厚度,将轮盘的传递矩阵作为点矩阵来处理的,这样会导致转子轴的刚度比实际模型的低,进而导致临界转速的计算结果偏低。本文将通过轮盘的传递矩阵作为场矩阵来处理,对计及轮盘厚度的传递矩阵进行了推导。分别使用传统传递矩阵法和本文提出的改进传递矩阵法对2个盘在不同位置的单盘转子模型以及一个多盘转子系统的临界转速进行了计算。对比结果表明,传统传递矩阵法的计算误差很容易就会达到一个不可忽略的水平,改进的传递矩阵法解决了这一问题。     

基于自适应阈值的粒子滤波非线性系统故障诊断

针对实际非线性系统传统方法难以实现可靠故障诊断的问题,采用粒子滤波算法,利用对数似然函数和作为评价指标,并借助自适应阈值的设计,研究了非线性非高斯系统的故障检测和故障隔离。阈值的选取,是准确判别系统是否发生故障的标准,本文通过分析非线性系统残差的统计特性,在判定残差统计特性成正态分布的基础上,设计了一种基于粒子滤波故障诊断的自适应阈值方法,减少了故障诊断的漏报和误报。通过非恒温连续搅拌水箱式反应堆的仿真实例,验证了该方法在故障诊断中的准确性和有效性。