Magnetic energy release near accreting black holes

The observed non-thermal emission from accreting compact objects is often understood in terms of the expected magnetic activity of accretion disks. This review discusses the constraints on this view point that can be obtained from, principally, the X-ray spectra and the X-ray variability of black hole candidates.Furthermore, the traditional view of an accretion disk corona, put forward as the source of the non-thermal emission, analogous to the solar corona is shown to be wrong on a few important points. Firstly, the density in the equilibrium accretion disk corona is extremely low. A reasonable plasma density is retained by pair production processes similar to those existing in the pulsar magnetosphere. Secondly, the dominant resistivity in the accretion the disk on the current carrying electrons.     

Particle acceleration and kinematics in solar flares – A Synthesis of Recent Observations and Theoretical Concepts (Invited Review)

We review the physical processes of particle acceleration, injection, propagation, trapping, and energy loss in solar flare conditions. An understanding of these basic physical processes is inexorable to interpret the detailed timing and spectral evolution of the radiative signatures caused by nonthermal particles in hard X-rays, gamma-rays, and radio wavelengths. In contrast to other more theoretically oriented reviews on particle acceleration processes, we aim here to capitalize on the numerous observations from recent spacecraft missions, such as from the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO), the Yohkoh Hard X-Ray Telescope (HXT) and Soft X-Ray Telescope (SXT), and the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE). High-precision energy-dependent time delay measurements from CGRO and spatial imaging with Yohkoh and TRACE provide invaluable observational constraints on the topology of the acceleration region, the reconstruction of magnetic reconnection processes, the resulting electromagnetic fields, and the kinematics of energized (nonthermal) particles. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Simulations of pickup-ion acceleration at quasi-perpendicular shocks

We present results from hybrid simulations (kinetic ion/fluid electron) of the interaction of interstellar pickup ions with collisionless shocks. Since cross-field transport is unphysically suppressed in the one-dimensional geometry used here, an ad hoc scattering algorithm is used to model this effect. This is a necessary step to accelerate the pickup ions from their initial low energies at quasi-perpendicular shocks to the high energies which are often observed associated with traveling interplanetary shocks by Ulysses.     

叶轮机转子内流动的三维跨声速Navier-Stokes方程组数值计算及试验验证

应用有限体积法及Baldwin-Lomax代数湍流模型求解叶轮机转子内流动的三维可压缩非定常薄层Navier-Stokes方程组,计算一个绕X轴等转速旋转的转子内流场问题,用当地时间步长方法来加速收敛.采用隐式算法对对流通量进行求解,而耗散通量采用显式算法.采用高阶TVD下的Roe格式计算对流通量,采用中心差分格式计算耗散通量.关于守恒变量Q的非线性方程组,采用牛顿迭代方法求解,线化后的方程用对称的Gauss-Seidle方法求其渐近解.应用该算法模拟了转子Rotor67流场,与试验做了大量的对比研究,包括性能、等马赫线以及总压和总温等.在最高效率点附近计算与试验比较接近,但在靠近失速点时计算与试验有较大的差别.     

弹性自由度对JJ—7飞机动态特性的影响

在小扰动假设的前提下,用正则模态法对计及弹性自由度的JJ-7飞机的纵向稳定性及操纵性进行了计算和分析,并与不计及弹性自由度飞机的动态特性进行了比较,由此讨论了弹性变形对这种类型飞机动态特性的影响。     

超音速时修正空速与马赫数的换算及加速度因子的计算

给出了超音速飞行时修正空速与马赫数的换算公式，并根据导出的公式计算了０—３２０００ｍ各高度上的修正空速与马赫数、真空速对应的数值表，该表与文献［２］中给出的数值表（表２５）完全一致。此外，也给出了在超音速时等表速爬升的加速度因子的计算公式。     

Gamma-rays from Active Galactic Nuclei: Emission processes and particle acceleration

It is argued that the high-energy X-ray and -ray emission from flaring blazars is beamed radiation from the relativistic jet supporting the relativistic beaming hypothesis and the unified scenario for AGNs. Most probably the high-energy emission results from inverse Compton scattering by relativistic electrons and positrons in the jet of radiation originating external to the jet plus pair annihilation radiation from the jet. Future positive TeV detections of EGRET AGN sources will be decisive to identify the prominent target photon radiation field. Direct -ray production by energetic hadrons is not important for the flaring phase in -ray blazars, but the acceleration of energetic hadrons during the quiescent phase of AGNs is decisive as the source of secondary electrons and positrons through photo-pair and photo-pion production. Injection of ultrahigh energy secondary electrons and positrons into a stochastic quasilinear acceleration scheme during the quiescent AGN phase leads to cooling electron-positron distribution functions with a strong cut-off at low but relativistic energy that under certain local conditions may trigger a plasma instability that gives rise to an explosive event and the flaring -ray phase.     

服从不同分布的疲劳寿命分散系数分析

民机结构的疲劳寿命服从双参数威布尔分布,其分散系数与战斗机基于对数正态分布的疲劳寿命分散系数存在明显的不同.为分析疲劳寿命服从这两种不同分布时分散系数的区别和联系,导出了疲劳寿命服从双参数威布尔分布时的理论和试验用疲劳寿命分散系数计算公式;并从理论基础和数值计算结果两个方面,对服从对数正态分布和双参数威布尔分布的疲劳寿命分散系数进行了对比,所得的结论对确定民机结构疲劳寿命分散系数提供了重要的技术依据.     

基于变导叶调节的涡扇发动机加速过程优化控制

提出了一种利用变导叶调节,基于可行序列二次规划算法的涡扇发动机加速过程优化控制方法,研究发现,通过在发动机加速过程中对压缩部件导叶角度的适应性调节,可以优化压气机和风扇在过渡态的空气流量,使得燃油在满足各方面约束条件下以最大可能的速度增加,从而提升了发动机加速性能.最后,与常规两变量加速过程优化方法进行了对比研究:在相同目标函数和约束条件下,分别进行了两控制量(主燃油和尾喷管喉道面积)、增加风扇导叶调节或压气机变导叶的三控制量的加速优化控制仿真,结果表明,所提出的方法在优化过程中可以使得燃油最大可能速率高于常规方法,且发现压气机导叶角在优化过程的作用优于风扇导叶角,优化后的工作点加速路径紧贴喘振裕度限制边界,且各个约束严格在可行域范围内,3种方案的加速时间分别为5.5,4.9s和4.5s.     

关于国外对华反倾销的几点思考

本文分析了国外对我国出口商品实施反倾销的特点及原因,提出应对国外反倾销的主要措施。