Relativistic solar protons in the ground level event of 23 February 1956: New study

In this study we applied again to the outstanding solar particle event of 23 February 1956, the largest one in the entire history of observations of solar cosmic rays. Due to significant improvement of the analysis/modeling techniques and new understanding of physical processes in the solar atmosphere and interplanetary space, a possibility arises to interpret the old data in the light of modern concept of multiple particle acceleration at/near the Sun. In our new analysis the data of available then neutron monitors and muon telescopes are used. The technique of the analysis includes: (a) calculation of asymptotic cones of ground-based detectors; (b) modeling of cosmic ray detector responses at variable parameters of the flux of solar relativistic protons; (c) determination of primary solar proton parameters outside magnetosphere by comparison of computed responses with observations. Certain evidence was obtained that the flux of relativistic solar protons consisted of two distinct components: prompt and delayed ones. The prompt component with exponential energy spectrum caused a giant impulse-like increase at a number of European cosmic ray stations. The delayed component had a power-law spectrum and was a cause of gradual increase at cosmic ray stations in the North American region. A numerical simulation of the proton acceleration in the vicinity of the magnetic reconnection region brings to the proton spectrum with exponential dependence on energy. This agrees with observational data for the prompt component. It is also shown that the huge increase in ∼5000% on neutron monitors was due to the prompt component only with the exponential proton spectrum. The power-law spectrum of comparable intensity gave considerably smaller effect.     

The Effects of Transverse Magnetic Field and Density Variations on the Particle Energy Spectra in a Reconnecting 3D Current Sheet

Electron and proton acceleration by a super-Dreicer electric field is further investigated in a non-neutral reconnecting current sheet (RCS) with a variable plasma density. The tangential B _z and transverse magnetic field components B _x are assumed to vary with the distances x and z from the X nullpoint linearly and exponentially, respectively; the longitudinal component (a ‘guiding field’) is accepted constant. Particles are found to gain a bulk of their energy in a thin region close to the X nullpoint where the RCS density increases with z exponentially with the index λ and the tangential magnetic field B _x also increases with z exponentially with the index α. For the RCS with a constant density (λ = 0), the variations of the tangential magnetic field lead to particle power-law energy spectra with the spectral indices γ₁ being dependent on the exponent α as: for protons and for electrons in a strong guiding field (β > 10⁻²) and for electrons in a moderate or weak guiding field (β > 10⁻⁴). For the RCS with an exponential density increase in the vicinity of the X nullpoint (λ≥ 0) there is a further increase of the resulting spectral indices γ that depends on the density exponent index λ as for protons and for electrons in weaker guiding fields and as for electrons in stronger guiding fields. These dependencies can explain a wide variety (1.5–10) of particle spectral indices observed in solar flares by the variations of a magnetic field topology and physical conditions in a reconnecting region. This can be used as a diagnostic tool for the investigation of the RCS dynamics from the accelerated particle spectra found from hard X-ray and microwave emission.     

基于Weibull分布的疲劳加速腐蚀因子分析

考虑预腐蚀对飞机结构疲劳寿命的影响,建立了疲劳寿命服从Weibull分布的 加速腐蚀因子确定方法.假设预腐蚀疲劳寿命服从Weibull分布,特征寿命随时间呈指数规 律变化,推导得到了以疲劳寿命为腐蚀量的加速腐蚀因子表达式,以及在工程常用的时间范 围内加速腐蚀因子与腐蚀时间无关的结论;进行了相关参数估计,建立了加速腐蚀 因子的估计方法,得到了加速腐蚀因子估计量的近似分布,对其进行了统计分析.      

基于角加速度的陀螺框架伺服系统干扰观测器

磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺(MSCMG,Magnetically Suspended Control Moment Gyro)是大型航天器姿态控制的关键执行机构,影响MSCMG输出力矩准确度的一个关键因素是其框架伺服系统的控制精度.为提高MSCMG框架伺服系统的抗干扰能力和控制精度,提出了一种基于角加速度的干扰观测器.其设计思想是:卡尔曼滤波器利用角位置估计出角速度并送往状态观测器以获取准确的角加速度,角加速度和电流作为干扰观测器的输入以获得补偿电流,补偿电流加到电流环的输入端以补偿各种干扰.干扰观测器结构简单,抗干扰能力强.实验表明:该方法有效地提高了MSCMG框架伺服系统的角速度精度与稳定度.     

正态分布置信检验方法

正态母体特征值(母体均值、百分位值、百分率、标准差和变异系数等)的检验是工程中常见的问题。本文根据置信检验理论,建立了正态母体特征值的置信检验方法,包括母体均值、百分位值、百分率、标准差和变异系数的强检验、弱检验和弱强检验,可以满足不同的实际需求。置信检验克服了显著性假设检验在接受原假设时缺乏说服力的弱点,能够以高概率判断正态母体特征值是否满足工程中规定的条件。不但比传统的正态分布假设检验和抽样检验具有更高的精度,而且更加便于应用,许多假设检验和抽样检验难以处理的问题(如母体百分率和百分位值的检验),采用置信检验可以容易地得到解决。      

基于Wash-out滤波器技术的机翼颤振控制

研究应用wash-out滤波器技术对具有立方非线性俯仰刚度的二元机翼颤振的控制。首先,确定需要引入Hopf分岔的点,并在该点将原系统方程Jordan化;其次,对于引入的wash-out滤波控制器,先按Hopf分岔条件确定线性控制增益,再用规范型直接法得到受控系统的规范型,由分岔类型与规范型系数的关系确定非线性控制增益,从而将原系统的亚临界Hopf分岔变为超临界Hopf分岔;最后通过数值模拟验证了控制的有效性,并发现受控系统的颤振幅值（极限环大小）大大降低。     

过载约束下的大机动目标协同拦截

研究了非线性拦截几何下具有过载约束的多枚弱机动能力的导弹拦截强机动能力的目标的协同拦截问题。首先，在建立导弹的可达域、导弹的可行域以及目标的逃逸域这3个概念的基础上提出了非线性拦截几何下的基于逃逸域覆盖的协同拦截策略，并提出了基于标准弹道的设计方法。然后，给出了协同拦截制导律的形式，研究了导弹的末制导初始阵位、制导律参数以及导弹对目标机动的覆盖区域这三者间的关系，并设计了数值求解算法来实现对多弹的覆盖区域的分配、协同制导律的设计以及多弹初始拦截阵位的配置。最后，对理论结果进行仿真。结果显示，多枚机动性较小的导弹，通过初始拦截阵位的合理配置和协同拦截制导律的合理设计，可以实现对机动性能较强的目标的协同拦截。     

用微元法建立单刚体动力学的虚加速度原理和虚力原理

本文首先从刚体动力学方程出发,利用变积法推得其虚加速度原理和虚力原理,然后用微元法思想由质点系动力学的虚加速度原理、虚力原理推得刚体动力学的虚加速度原理与虚力原理,并对两种方法本身进行了比较。由于本文的推导方法是从连续介质力学的观点进行的,故这种方法对进一步建立单柔体、多柔体动力学的虚加速度原理和虚力原理具有重要应用价值,进而对现在热点之一的柔性飞行器动力学的研究有潜在的意义。     

一种加速度干扰下的稳定被动定位跟踪算法

在研究一种具有误差自动解耦的观测域滤波的目标跟踪算法和自适应渐消EKF算法的基础上,提出一种匀速运动模型下,基于观测域的自适应目标跟踪算法。使用实测GPS导航数据进行数字仿真,结果表明：观测域的自适应目标跟踪算法在加速度扰动下,稳定性优于观测域滤波算法。     

不动点类的代数注记

本文利用不动点类的代数化，决定复迭空间的基本群的正规子群H的构成因素及其性质，研究不动点类与H不动点类的关系。