基于非线性预测的发动机转速限控方法

研究对发动机最大转速进行非线性预测限制的方法。将发动机动态过程描述为二阶的V olterra级数模型,并由此建立它的非线性闭环预测模型。根据输入约束和控制目标,提出转速预测限制的滚动控制算法。对此进行了仿真,在超量的加速供油下,得到了预测限制的供油变化线和转速变化线。与比例反馈限制方法比较表明,预测控制方法能够解决燃烧延迟和发动机转子惯性的影响,准确实现转速限制,且其控制算法的计算量小,能符合实时性要求。      

平面柔性欠驱动机械臂的非线性动力学分析

研究了平面柔性欠驱动机械臂中被动关节对系统动态特性的影响 ,在动力学分析的基础上 ,提出了一种基于内共振原理的柔性欠驱动机械臂振动控制方法。在对系统的稳态周期运动进行分析研究的基础上 ,发现处于自由摆动状态的被动关节的平衡位置随系统结构的振动而发生漂移 ,并且被动关节平衡位置的漂移速度和方向与周期输入的振幅有关。提出利用结构柔性产生的振动实现被动关节位置控制的方法 ,通过平面二连杆柔性欠驱动机械臂进行了仿真计算     

无陀螺卫星姿态的二阶插值非线性滤波估计

采用四元数作为姿态描述参数，提出了一种确定无陀螺卫星姿态的新方法，即二阶插值非线性姿态估计算法，它能够利用星敏感器提供的矢量观测信息准确地估计三轴稳定卫星的姿态。这种姿态估计算法的实现非常简单，其运算量与传统的扩展卡尔曼滤波姿态估计算法相当，但滤波性能却与基于二阶泰勒级数近似得到的非线性姿态估计算法一致。而且，在二阶插值非线性姿态估计算法中，不会遇到由四元数正交约束所造成的协方差阵奇异性问题。     

随机激励下铝蜂窝夹层板非线性特性研究

为研究铝蜂窝夹层板的非线性动力学特性,对铝蜂窝夹层板做不同激振量级下的随机振动试验,并作出非线性幅频图。系统的非线性频响函数的共振放大倍数随着激振量级的增加而减小,其特征与应用等效线性化及FPK法计算的带有非线性阻尼的系统理论得出的结果相似,拟合结果也表明试件的等效阻尼系数随外激励变化而变化,故得出文章中的试件带有非线性阻尼特性。铝蜂窝夹层板具有非线性阻尼特性这一结果可对航天器建模提供理论参考依据。     

抗尾流干扰的自动着舰非线性控制研究

由于飞机与尾流模型的非线性,为实现自动精确着舰,探究了具有尾流抑制能力的非线性控制器设计方法.基于气流扰动影响的飞机六自由度非线性模型,利用非线性动态逆控制方法对各控制回路进行了设计,为抑制尾流扰动,提出了应用非线性观测器进行补偿的方法.仿真结果表明,具有非线性干扰观测器的控制器可以在4s内使飞机稳定在速度为52.04 m/s,并使航迹角保持在±0.5°变化范围内,最终的着舰侧向偏差为-0.13m.     

Predicting the effects of gas diffusivity on photosynthesis and transpiration of plants grown under hypobaria

As part of a Bio-regenerative Life Support System (BLSS) for long-term space missions, plants will likely be grown at reduced pressure. This low pressure will minimize structural requirements for growth chambers on missions to the Moon or Mars. However, at reduced pressures the diffusivity of gases increases. This will affect the rates at which CO₂ is assimilated and water is transpired through stomata. To understand quantitatively the possible effects of reduced pressure on plant growth, CO₂ and H₂O transport were calculated for atmospheres of various total pressures (101, 66, 33, 22, 11 kPa) and CO₂ concentrations (0.04, 0.1 and 0.18 kPa). The diffusivity of a gas is inversely proportional to total pressure and shows dramatic increases at pressures below 33 kPa (1/3 atm). A mathematical relationship based on the principle of thermodynamics was applied to low pressure conditions and can be used for calculating the transpiration and photosynthesis of plants grown in hypobaria. At 33 kPa total pressure, the stomatal conductance increases by a factor of three with the boundary layer conductance increasing by a factor of ∼1.7, since the leaf conductance is a function of both stomatal and the boundary layer conductance, the overall conductance will increase resulting in significantly higher levels of transpiration as the pressure drops. The conductance of gases is also regulated by stomatal aperture in an inverse relationship. The higher CO₂ concentration inside the leaf air space during low pressure treatments may result in higher CO₂ assimilation and partial stomata closure, resulting in a decrease in transpiration rate. The results of this analysis offer guidelines for experiments in pressure and high CO₂ environments to establish ideal conditions for minimizing transpiration and maximizing the plant biomass yield in BLSS.     

Interaction of oblique wave beam with ionospheric layer F2

Interaction of a powerful obliquely incident wave beam of decameter radio waves with the ionospheric F2 layer is analyzed. Much like the linear case, propagation through the natural anti-waveguide layer F2 splits the initial beam. Some part of its energy leaks through the ionospheric layer, the other part goes back along a downward trajectory. However, nonlinearity leads to further stratification of the ionospheric layer. A new feature, in comparison with the linear case, is appearing a narrow waveguide beneath the F2 layer maximum which traps a small part of the beam energy. We study the relationship between these parts of the wave field in a simplified model of parabolic F2 layer, with nonlinearity caused by thermal plasma expulsion from the high field intensity region. Analytical results are supplemented with numerical estimates of the effects.     

可减小跟踪误差的月球探测车协调驱动模糊自适应控制

 针对六轮月球探测车的协调驱动控制问题,提出一种间接模糊自适应控制设计方案。基于Lyapunov方法,证明所设计的控制方案不但能使跟踪误差收敛到原点的小邻域内,而且通过适当增大设计参数的值,可减小跟踪误差,从而提高控制精度。通过对月球探测车的协调驱动控制的仿真研究验证了此方法的有效性。     

简谐激励下输流管道的非线性运动方程

本文推导了两端受扭转弹簧约束的简支输流管道在其支承简谐运动激励下的运动微分方程，并利用Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ方法对其进行离散化处理。另外，针对于扭转弹簧刚度的两种极限情形①Ｋ１＝０，Ｋ２＝０（两端简支）和②Ｋ１→∞，Ｋ２→∞（两端固定）进行了讨论，还将运动方程进行了简化。     

高频输氧技术中的气体输运机理

本文介绍了高频输氧技术中气体输运机理的实验研究结果。用气管-支气管-肺模型来模拟人体呼吸系统,用热线和激光测速技术测量该模型内的气流。结果表明,整流效应和湍流扩散具有关键作用。