RPC: The Rosetta Plasma Consortium

The Rosetta Plasma Consortium (RPC) will make in-situ measurements of the plasma environment of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The consortium will provide the complementary data sets necessary for an understanding of the plasma processes in the inner coma, and the structure and evolution of the coma with the increasing cometary activity. Five sensors have been selected to achieve this: the Ion and Electron Sensor (IES), the Ion Composition Analyser (ICA), the Langmuir Probe (LAP), the Mutual Impedance Probe (MIP) and the Magnetometer (MAG). The sensors interface to the spacecraft through the Plasma Interface Unit (PIU). The consortium approach allows for scientific, technical and operational coordination, and makes optimum use of the available mass and power resources.     

带状注分布作用速调管多间隙谐振腔高频特性

带状注分布作用速调管(SBEIK)的典型特征是平面多间隙谐振腔及其分布式注波互作用系统.对应用于W波段微型化SBEIK的一种强耦合式五间隙分布作用谐振腔进行了研究,并结合传统的弱耦合式谐振腔与输出腔对其高频特性进行了深入分析,结果表明强耦合式腔体具备谐振模式隔离、各间隙高频场(RF)的耦合及其能量输出的良好技术优势.此外,对五间隙谐振腔周期结构引入的轴向简并模式竞争问题进行了研究,得到其工作模式与竞争模式之间的频率间隔在600MHz以上,完全可以满足SBEIK整体方案设计中100MHz带宽的要求.最后,利用三维粒子模拟(PIC)软件对优化后的强耦合式五间隙输出腔注波互作用性能进行了初步的模拟仿真,验证了其在相应工作模式上具备了高功率产生与输出的技术特征.本研究工作对毫米波和太赫兹频段高功率SBEIK的物理设计与工程研究具有重要的价值.      

机器人安全性研究现状及发展趋势

随着机器人逐渐应用于生产生活的各个领域,安全性也成为了机器人研究的重要方向之一。根据安全性研究目标对象的不同,分别从机器人自身安全性和交互安全性两方面概述了国内外研究现状,分析了机械结构与控制算法对提高机器人安全性所起到的作用。在此基础上,分析了目前研究还存在结构设计过于传统、对突发情况判断能力较弱、复杂条件下控制柔顺性不足等问题,限制了机器人的推广应用。指出了机器人安全性的研究正向着刚柔混合一体化机构、准确快速的环境判断、良好的柔顺控制的方向发展。      

近距耦合鸭式布局复杂涡系的干扰机理

在不同的迎角范围内,通过求解雷诺平均N-S(Navier-Stokes)方程模拟了雷诺数Re=2.4×10⁵下,鸭翼和机翼前缘后掠角均为50°的近距耦合鸭式布局简化模型的绕流结构,并与该模型的风洞测力和水洞流动显示实验结果进行了比较和验证,分析了鸭翼涡和机翼涡在不同迎角下的演变过程.根据鸭翼的不同作用效果,将迎角范围划分为3个区域,分析了各个迎角范围内的主要作用机制.鸭翼涡与机翼涡的演变和干扰过程虽然极为复杂,但可将其概括为诱导、卷绕和破裂作用.分析结果表明:中大迎角以后鸭翼涡都会对主翼涡产生有利影响,尤其在中大迎角下,卷绕起到了主导作用,鸭翼涡产生的增升效果也最好.     

低速轴流压气机中前后静叶对动叶顶部区域流动的影响

数值研究了某二级低速轴流压气机在高负荷工况下,动叶前后动静干涉对动叶顶部区域非定常流动的影响。结果显示一次泄漏涡和二次泄漏涡是动叶顶部的主要流动特征。下游静叶干涉增加了动叶顶部间隙流的非定常波动强度和泄漏损失。上游静叶干涉减少了动叶顶部二次泄漏流强度。同无动静干涉相比,同时存在上下游动静干涉使动叶顶部区域总压损失减少9.1%,其收益主要来自上游静叶的非定常干涉。     

Surface-Exosphere-Magnetosphere System Of Mercury

Mercury is a poorly known planet, since the only space-based information comes from the three fly-bys performed in 1974 by the Mariner 10 spacecraft. Ground-based observations also provided some interesting results, but they are particularly difficult to obtain due to the planet’s proximity to the Sun. Nevertheless, the fact that the planet’s orbit is so close to the Sun makes Mercury a particularly interesting subject for extreme environmental conditions. Among a number of crucial scientific topics to be addressed, Mercury’s exosphere, its interaction with the solar wind and its origin from the surface of the planet, can provide important clues about planetary evolution. In fact, the Hermean exosphere is continuously eroded and refilled by these interactions, so that it would be more proper to consider the Hermean environment as a single, unified system – surface-exosphere-magnetosphere. These three parts are indeed strongly linked to each other. In recent years, the two missions scheduled to explore the iron planet, the NASA MESSENGER mission (launched in March 2004) and the ESA cornerstone mission (jointly with JAXA) BepiColombo (to be launched in 2012), have stimulated new interest in the many unresolved mysteries related to it. New ground-based observations, made possible by new technologies, have been obtained, and new simulation studies have been performed. In this paper some old as well as the very latest observations and studies related to the surface-exosphere-magnetosphere system are reviewed, outlining the investigations achievable by the planned space-based observations. This review intends to support the studies, in preparation of future data, and the definition of specific instrumentation.     

镍基高温合金的蠕变—疲劳交互作用行为及寿命预测

通过进行具有拉伸保持、压缩保持和拉－压保持的全反向总应变控制的低周疲劳实验,对镍基高温合金ＧＨ４０４９的蠕变－疲劳交互作用行为进行了系统的研究。结果表明,在较高的总应变幅下,合金首先发生循环应变硬化而后则发生软化直至断裂,而在低的总应变幅下则表现为循环稳定。由于压缩应变保持和拉－压应变保持的介入,合金的疲劳寿命将显著降低,但拉伸应变保持对疲劳寿命的影响则取决于总应变幅。拉伸保持或压缩保持时将分别产生平均压应力或拉应力。扫描电镜断口观察结果表明,裂纹萌生和第Ⅰ阶段的扩展均为穿晶形式,而第Ⅱ阶段的裂纹扩展则主要为沿晶形式。此外,利用线性累积损伤法则对蠕变－疲劳寿命进行了预测。     

超声速分离流非线性湍流模式的研究

本文在低雷诺数k-ε两方程框架下,应用八个常见的非线性湍流模式,对两个激波/边界层相互作用诱导分离的超声速流动进行了研究。采用的非线性模式有:二阶模式(Wilcox＆Rubesin(1980),Shih,Zhu＆Lumley(1993),Shih,Zhu＆Lumley(1995),Gatski＆Speziale(1993))和三阶模式(Craft,Launder＆Suga(1996),Lien＆Leschziner(1996),Apsley＆Leschziner(1998),Shih(1997))。两个超声速流动为:20°可压缩拐角绕流和轴对称尖顶拱-柱-裙组合体绕流。计算结果表明,对于激波边界层相互作用,在不做任何可压缩性修正的情况下,非线性模式并没有给出明显优于线性模式的结果。     

机动行为下飞机油箱晃动流固耦合动力学分析

飞机执行机动飞行时整体处于大过载状态,此时的油箱晃动流固耦合问题较为复杂。针对这一问题,以某型飞机整体油箱为研究对象,建立ABAQUS与Star-CCM+联合仿真流固耦合方法,对飞机半滚倒转机动行为下的油箱晃动流固耦合效应进行分析,得到了半滚倒转过程中燃油的形态变化,流体域压力以及油箱部件的应力时程曲线等结果,并探究了油箱充液率变化对流固耦合效应的影响。结果表明：机动过载对油箱部件应力应变的影响大于燃油晃动冲击,除上蒙皮外部件应力均随着充液率增加而增加。     

Effect of Martian atmosphere on aerodynamic performance of supersonic parachute two-body systems

Supersonic flows around parachute two-body systems are numerically investigated by solving the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. In the present study, both rigid and flexible parachute models are considered, which comprise a capsule and a canopy. The objective of the present study is to investigate the effects of the Martian atmosphere on the unsteady flows produced by these parachute two-body models and the structural behavior of the flexible canopy. It was found that in the Martian atmosph...