全球精密单点定位性能评估

随着中国北斗三号卫星导航系统（BDS-3）全面建成与开通，北斗卫星导航系统已步入了新发展阶段，基于BDS-3实现全方位、多层次、高精度应用已成为地学研究中一项基本任务。利用全球最新均匀分布的10个MGEX跟踪站，分别从24 h内接收到的卫星数、卫星位置精度因子（PDOP）、卫星数据解算完整率和双频非组合精密单点定位（PPP）静态/动态定位精度等方面系统深入地评估了BDS-3在全球范围内的可用性。结果表明，测站对卫星跟踪能力与配备的接收机类型和区域位置有强相关性，单BDS-3卫星在全球范围内具有较强的连续定位能力，当使用SEPT POLARX5和JAVAD TRE_3接收机的情况下，数据解算完整率可达100%。此外，水平方向和高程方向定位精度分别优于2 cm和3 cm，并且在联合使用BDS-2和BDS-3定位的条件下，可使得静态定位精度在东、北和高程方向进一步提升37.6%,25.3%和38.9%。     

质子交换膜燃料电池驱动直流电机转速性能的动态仿真模型

燃料电池具有能量转化效率高、低噪声、低排放、稳定可靠等优点,被认为是继蒸汽机和内燃机之后的第三代动力系统.燃料电池已经成为无人机、轻型飞机的主动力,并用于大型客机的辅助动力装置.本文设计了应用质子交换膜燃料电池直接驱动直流电机和螺旋桨的方案,并利用Matlab/Simulink构建了仿真模型,模拟燃料电池的动态输出特性以及电动机的转速特性.该模型可以为燃料电池飞行器的研发提供参考数据.     

Tightly closed ecological systems reveal atmospheric subtleties – experience from Biosphere 2

Processes which produce slow changes in air composition in a closed ecological system (CES) may not be noticed if the leak rate of the CES is significant. Dilution of the system’s air with outside air can mask these processes. A tightly closed CES provides the opportunity for slow changes to accumulate over time and be observed and measured. Biosphere 2 (volume 200,000 m³) had a low leak rate of less than 10 percent per year. Oxygen declined slowly at varying rates reflecting seasonal influences, which averaged to about 140 ppm per day during the first 16 months of the two-year closure. Computer simulations of the observed rate of oxygen loss combined with other hypothetical leak rates suggest that the decline would have been hidden by a leak rate as low as one percent per day. Sealing Biosphere 2 involved rigorous design specifications and inclusion of two expansion chambers (called “lungs”) to accommodate expansion/contraction of the atmosphere, which enabled limiting the pressure difference between inside and outside atmospheres to the range of ±8 Pa (0.08 mBar). Measurement of leak rate was by two methods: the first, measuring the rate of deflation of the lungs while holding a constant elevated pressure differential enabled calculation of an estimated leak rate within the usual operating pressure differential range; the second was to measure the progressive dilution of trace gases spiked into the atmosphere. Both methods confirmed leakage to be less than 10 percent per year. Operational data from the 40 m³ Laboratory Biosphere is used to illustrate how normal variations of temperature, humidity and barometric pressure would combine to force leakage and rapidly dilute the internal atmosphere if it were not equipped with a lung. It is demonstrated that very high degrees of closure for a CES enable experimental observation of small imbalances in atmospheric cycles or slow accumulation of trace gases that could otherwise be masked by dilution with atmosphere external to the CES.     

基于视线角速率的最优增量制导技术研究

提出一种基于视线角速率最优的制导方案。方案从最优控制的性能指标函数出发,通过求解一个Riccati方程和相关约束条件,并对系统进行一系列的相关的理想化的假设,得到系统的一般形式的制导指令。同时,为了避免制导指令在正负之间的频繁切换,根据偏置比例制导的原理,在制导指令中引入一个制导指令的增量,来减轻这一问题,并与传统的比例制导进行比较。仿真结果表明,这种制导方法相对于比例制导律而言,精度较高,性能优良,具有一定工程参考意义。     

Is there an instrumental drift in the counting rate of some high latitude neutron monitors?

For the last six decades the neutron monitors have provided a continuous string of very reliable data to the heliophysics community. Although neutron monitors are not the primary source of data for the galactic cosmic rays, these data serve as a baseline reference for the data collected by the detectors on board the satellites and deep space probes, far away from earth orbit. The pressure corrected hourly data are available from the World Data Centers. These data have been used to derive deep insights pertaining to the electromagnetic states of the heliosphere and the modes of transport of energetic charged particles in the tangled interplanetary magnetic fields. We present evidence that some of the high latitude neutron monitors are undergoing long-term drifts in their baselines. In particular, we argue that there is no physical basis to justify the observed long-term downward trend in the baseline of the South Pole neutron monitor. The real reason may have to do with its maintenance at a distant location with challenging logistics and an improper normalization of its data after the 26 months break in the 1970s.     

天津市宏观税收负担问题实证分析

采用计量分析方法对天津市1978～2005年数据区间的财政收入与经济总量、宏观税负与经济增长之间的关系进行研究。在结合天津市经济发展、税收增长、产业结构变化等实际情况的基础上，试图通过揭示变量之间的数量关系来印证和探寻天津市宏观税负与地区经济发展之间的关系。发现改革开放以来，天津总体税负适度，宏观税负呈下降趋势，但滨海新区的开发将为天津提供充足的税源，因而宏观税负会有所回升；20世纪90年代以来，天津第三产业发展迅速，第三产业对经济的贡献度与宏观税负的变化呈正向反应机制，而第二产业对GDP的贡献比重总体呈下降趋势；与其他直辖市相比，天津的宏观税负水平居于中游。     

30CrMnSiA钢连接座超塑性等温精锻技术的研究

 <正> 超塑性等温锻造作为新工艺自70年代以来,已在航空航天、机械电子、轻工行业等得到推广应用。长时间内,国内主要在钛合金、铝合金等工业材料上开展了成形研究和应用。本文则对高强度30CrMnSiA钢连接座件进行了超塑性等温成形工艺试验,并在钢的超细化预处理和变形中组织结构变化等研究的基础上进行成形工艺的研究。     

提高高燃速丁羟推进剂低温伸长率研究

运用单向拉伸、交联密度测试、动态力学分析(DMA)等实验手段，研究了IPDI丁羟高燃速推进剂低温伸长率偏低的问题。结果表明：由于固化剂IPDI的分子结构特点和低反应活性造成粘合剂体系固化反应速度上的差别，加上防老剂H的刚性和物理交联作用使该类推进剂低温抗拉强度过高，是造成该类推进剂低温伸长率偏低的主要原因。在此基础上，通过添加网络调节剂，改善了推进剂粘合剂相的网络结构，解决了该问题。     

RDX－CMDB推进剂铅－铜－炭催化燃速模型

分析了ＲＤＸ在平台催化中的作用，认为ＲＤＸ对平台催化有正、负两方面的影响。据此提出了ＲＤＸ－ＣＭＤＢ推进剂平台催化燃速模型。导出的燃速公式能够定量地描述平台燃烧现象的各个阶段。在ＭＴＷ－１推进剂基础配方的应用表明，计算值与实测值之间的平均相对误差小于１０％。     

HTPB固化交联体系在降低其推进剂燃速中的重要作用

本文研究了HTPB固化交联体系对其推进剂燃速的影响。实验发现,在固化交联体系中含MAPO的推进剂燃速要比用已三醇交联的推进剂燃速高18.4％。应用热分析、中止燃烧、电子扫描显微镜等实验方法,对其作用机理作了分析说明。