氧化亚氮双组元发动机热力性能计算分析

对绿色推进剂N2O,H2,CH3OH,C2H5OH,CH4,C2H6,C2H4,C2H2,C3H8及C3H6的物性进行了全面比较,并采用吉布斯最小自由能法对9种氧化亚氮双组元推进剂组合的热力性能展开全面计算及分析。N2O/H2组合由于其最低的燃气平均摩尔质量而具有最高的比冲;N2O/C2H2组合由于C2H2很高的标准生成焓其燃烧温度可高达3823 K;碳氢燃料在余氧系数α<0.4富燃工况下燃气中含有固碳颗粒,且摩尔含量随着α的降低而急剧升高,喷管出口处可高达35%～40%;N2O/C3H8和N2O/C3H6组合拥有很好的空间应用物性和较高的热力性能,在压比pc:pe=70 atm:1 atm工况下平衡流比冲分别为2 639 m/s和2 656 m/s,具有很好的应用前景。     

氧化亚氮推进技术研究进展

随着环境保护的加强,人们越来越希望找到一种绿色推进剂来代替现有的肼类有毒推进剂.氧化亚氮作为一种绿色推进剂,无毒性,地面实验操作处理方便,不需要繁琐昂贵的防护;常温贮存性,贮箱几乎不需要主动热控制;饱和压力高,可采用自增压方式供应推进剂;绝热分解温度较高,可作为单组元和双组元发动机的推进剂.分析了氧化亚氮作为推进剂的性能及其主要应用领域,着重研究其在液体火箭发动机的应用.通过对氧化亚氮自增压供应系统,单组元推进的催化分解系统,克服催化床限制的氧化亚氮与燃料混合的NOFBXTM技术,以及氧化亚氮作为氧化剂的双组元推进系统的国内外研究进展进行综述,指出当前研究工作中存在的问题,以期为该方面的进一步研究提供一定的参考.     

Influences of pulse frequency on formation and properties of composite anodic oxide films on Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy

A thick composite anodic oxide film was fabricated in an environmentally friendly malic acid electrolyte containing PolyTetraFluoroEthylene (PTFE) nanoparticles on Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloys. The influence of pulse frequency on the morphology, microstructure and composition of composite anodic oxide films containing PTFE nanoparticles was investigated using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. The tribological properties in terms of the friction coefficient, wear loss and morphology of worn surfaces were measured by ball-on-disc tests. The electrochemical property was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization. The results indicated that the titanium dioxide of composite anodic oxide films transformed from anatase to rutile with the change of pulse frequency, which could result from the electrochemical dynamic equilibrium. The combination of PTFE nanoparticles and malic acid electrolyte molecules can influence the energy fluctuation of electrochemical equilibrium and formation of composite anodic oxide films. Moreover, composite anodic oxide films fabricated under the condition of 1.0–2.0 Hz exhibited the best wear resistance and corrosion property. The schematic diagram of the film formation and PTFE nanoparticles spreading process under different frequencies was elucidated.     

Y_2O_3对Cr-Nb合金高温抗氧化性能作用机制的研究

采用球磨+热压工艺制备添加0.5wt.%稀土氧化物Y2O3的Cr-Nb合金,研究了Y2O3对Cr-Nb合金在1100℃和1200℃高温氧化性能的作用机制.结果发现,Y2O3的加入,减缓了Cr-Nb合金在1100℃的氧化速度;虽然在1200℃氧化增重比未加Y2O3的Cr-Nb合金高,但是大大增加了氧化膜/基体的结合力,改善了氧化膜的抗剥落性,在一定程度上改善了Cr-Nb合金的高温抗氧化性能.     

氧化锌色素在真空紫外辐照下降解机理的研究

研究氧化锌色素在真空紫外辐照下的降解机理,目的是为设计在宽间环境下稳定的氧化锌热涂层提供理论依据。仔细研究了自由电子在氧化锌中的吸收特性及真空紫外辐照对氧化锌电导的贡献,认为真空紫外辐照引起氧化锌色素表面化学吸附氧的解析,同时在氧化锌色素表面产生大量的氧空位,氧空位提供了导带中的自由电子,自由电子在导带内跃迁吸收近红外光子引起氧化锌色素光学性能的退化。     

Fabrication and Investigation on Double-Hollow Shell CoFe Oxide@TiO2 Nanocube with Superior Electromagnetic Properties

Electromagnetic wave absorbing materials are urgently required in the fields of medicine, communication, and military. However, the thickness, weight, narrow effective bandwidth, and weak absorbing ability of the materials restrict their further application. In this work, a double-layer hollow nanocube with a dielectric titanium dioxide (TiO2) shell and a magnetic CoFe oxide inner shell is prepared. Prussian blue (PB) is prepared by the hydrothermal method, and used as the template to prepare PB@CoFe PB analogue (PBA). After selective etching and further calcination, hollow CoFe oxide particles are obtained. The obtained particles are then coated with SiO2 and TiO2, respectively, and the intermediate layer is dislodged to obtain the final CoFe oxide@TiO2 with the hollow double shell structure. The obtained double-layer hollow structure can effectively capture the incident electromagnetic waves, and increase the propagation path. Moreover, the obvious enhancement of interface polarization and the improvement of impedance matching enhance the wave absorbing ability of the material. The analysis results show that, the structure is stable and the dispersion is good. The maximum reflection loss (RL) at 10 GHz is as high as -46.1 dB with the sample thickness of 1.6 mm. The light-weight and high-efficiency CoFe oxide@TiO2 absorber is promised to be used in commercial and military aerospace fields.     

纳米铜铬复合氧化物对RDX热分解的催化作用

为了研究纳米CuO.Cr2O3复合物的催化性能，采用室温固相化学反应法制备出不同铜、铬质量比的纳米CuO.Cr2O3复合物，测出产物的粒径约为15nm，用DSC测试了纳米CuO.Cr2O3复合物对RDX热分解的催化作用。结果表明．：纳米CuO.Cr2O3复合物对RDX热分解有较好的催化效果，它使RDX的分解峰温提前了11．1℃，活化能降低了17kJ/mol，其作用明显优于纳米CuO和纳米Cr2O3及其混合物。     

粒子侵蚀问题的研究

固体火箭发动机排出的高温、高速燃气对热防护材料有很大的侵蚀作用,特别是燃气中的氧化铝粒子对材料的侵蚀起主要作用。为此,本文对粒子侵蚀问题做了理论分析和实验研究;提供了一个用以计算粒子侵蚀速度的方法和公式。最后的算例表明,此方法可行,并具有足够的精度。     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

新型碳基复合吸波材料的制备及性能研究

在聚丙烯腈(PAN)聚合液中分别加入Fe,nano-Fe和FeC2O4.2H2O,经热处理后制备了三种新型的电磁损耗型碳基复合吸波材料.通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)对复合材料分别进行物相分析,三种复合材料中,Fe元素主要以Fe3O4的形式存在.根据所测得的介电常数和磁导率比较分析了三种碳基复合材料和纯碳材料的吸波性能,结果表明加入Fe和nano-Fe制备的碳基复合材料有效改善了纯碳材料的输入波阻抗匹配程度,提高了微波吸收性能.结果表明,加入Fe和nano-Fe制备的碳基复合材料,涂层厚度分别为1.9和2.2mm时,在12.7～ 18GHz频段内,反射损失值都小于- 10dB,有效吸收带宽为5.3GHz.涂层厚度均增至2.5mm,最小反射损失值分别达到- 46和- 29.8dB,有效改善了纯碳基体输入波阻抗匹配程度,提高了微波吸收性能.