冲击加发散双层壁冷却方式压降分配对斜孔内对流换热影响的研究

 以高推重比发动机燃烧室单位压力单位面积冷却气量为基准,研究了孔数比为1∶1 的冲击/ 发散冷却方式在不同冲击壁和发散孔壁压降分配情况下的发散斜孔内的局部换热系数和平均换热系数。研究发现,压降分配比例的变化对孔进口区( x/ d < 4) 的换热增强有较大的影响。通过CFD 计算孔内的流动,分析了孔进口区换热系数增强的原因。并给出了周向平均换热增强系数的拟合公式,为进一步的换热优化打下了基础。     

控制翼缝隙流传热实验研究

在Μ_∞=6.5—10,Re_∞=(0.35—3.5)×10~7m~(-1)的来流条件下测量了平板-控制翼上及其展向缝隙内的热流分布,以考察缝隙宽、翼偏转角、缝入口唇缘形状、来流参数对缝内外气动热的影响。     

Interior Evolution of Mercury

The interior evolution of Mercury—the innermost planet in the solar system, with its exceptional high density—is poorly known. Our current knowledge of Mercury is based on observations from Mariner 10’s three flybys. That knowledge includes the important discoveries of a weak, active magnetic field and a system of lobate scarps that suggests limited radial contraction of the planet during the last 4 billion years. We review existing models of Mercury’s interior evolution and further present new 2D and 3D convection models that consider both a strongly temperature-dependent viscosity and core cooling. These studies provide a framework for understanding the basic characteristics of the planet’s internal evolution as well as the role of the amount and distribution of radiogenic heat production, mantle viscosity, and sulfur content of the core have had on the history of Mercury’s interior. The existence of a dynamo-generated magnetic field suggests a growing inner core, as model calculations show that a thermally driven dynamo for Mercury is unlikely. Thermal evolution models suggest a range of possible upper limits for the sulfur content in the core. For large sulfur contents the model cores would be entirely fluid. The observation of limited planetary contraction (∼1–2 km)—if confirmed by future missions—may provide a lower limit for the core sulfur content. For smaller sulfur contents, the planetary contraction obtained after the end of the heavy bombardment due to inner core growth is larger than the observed value. Due to the present poor knowledge of various parameters, for example, the mantle rheology, the thermal conductivity of mantle and crust, and the amount and distribution of radiogenic heat production, it is not possible to constrain the core sulfur content nor the present state of the mantle. Therefore, it is difficult to robustly predict whether or not the mantle is conductive or in the convective regime. For instance, in the case of very inefficient planetary cooling—for example, as a consequence of a strong thermal insulation by a low conductivity crust and a stiff Newtonian mantle rheology—the predicted sulfur content can be as low as 1 wt% to match current estimates of planetary contraction, making deep mantle convection likely. Efficient cooling—for example, caused by the growth of a crust strongly in enriched in radiogenic elements—requires more than 6.5 wt% S. These latter models also predict a transition from a convective to a conductive mantle during the planet’s history. Data from future missions to Mercury will aid considerably our understanding of the evolution of its interior.     

基于可靠性理论的整星隔振器刚度设计(英文)

传统卫星适配器由于其刚度非常大,导致其不具有任何隔振效果。所以提出了一种新型整星隔振器,这种新型整星隔振器可以对刚度进行设计以满足卫星、隔振器耦合系统对固有频率的需要。基于可靠性理论和实验数据,讨论了这种整星隔振器的刚度特性。数值模拟和实验结果都表明,通过修改隔振器肋板及相应参数,卫星-隔振器耦合系统的固有频率可以控制在很大的范围之内。同时,也论证了耦合系统的固有频率控制效果。     

恒热流斜板自然对流边界层的稳定性研究

对恒热流条件下的斜板自然对流边界层的稳定性进行了分析及数值模拟.研究发现在一定的倾角和Prandtl数范围内,三维波可存在两种不稳定模态,其临界频率分别接近于重力内波和二维T-S(Tol-mien-Schlichting)波的频率.更为特殊的是,在适当条件下该三维波模态可比二维T-S波更不稳定.这一看似违反Squire定理的结果是由于控制方程中的浮力项造成的.数值模拟初步验证了三维波的临界特性.由于稳定性总是同层流至湍流的转捩过程密切相关,计算结果可为高效换热翅片的设计提供理论依据.      

2024铝合金振动疲劳特性及断口分析

研究激振频率对铝合金悬臂梁结构振动疲劳特性的影响。在不同激振频率下测试2024铝合金悬臂梁相同初始应力幅值下的振动疲劳寿命。利用体式显微镜及扫描电镜对疲劳断口进行微观分析。结果表明:初始应力相同时,处于共振状态的悬臂梁振动疲劳寿命最长,瞬断区面积最小。微观分析表明,疲劳裂纹源萌生于材料表面的最大应力区,在裂纹源区有明显的放射状条纹、贝壳线和大量刻面;在疲劳裂纹扩展区,除疲劳条带外,还观察到大量的二次疲劳裂纹;疲劳瞬断区则由大量韧窝构成,表现出典型的韧性断裂特征。微观分析可知合金内强化相颗粒对疲劳裂纹扩展有明显的阻碍作用。     

Old tail lobes effect on the solar-wind – Magnetosphere energy transport for the 27 August 2001 substorm

The magnetic flux of tail lobes Ψ is divided in two parts of comparable values Ψ₁ and Ψ₀₂, with the first that appears during substorm and the second, observed before substorm start. The first was named “new magnetic flux”, the second – “old magnetic flux”. The first, Ψ₁, is known to play a definitive role in the energy transport from the solar wind into the magnetosphere-ionosphere-atmosphere system, but the role of Ψ₀₂ in this transport is not well known. From the 27 August 2001 substorm data we study the involvement in the above transport process of the old flux Ψ₀₂. This involvement is observed in the polar cap (PC) area, which existed prior to the substorm and is called respectively “the old PC”. In this study, as distinct from earlier works, we use the balance equation of the energy stored in magnetosphere and energy consumed. Activation of the old PC magnetic flux Ψ₀₂ was found to increase the energy input by ∼85% in the event under consideration.     

多斜孔壁冷却方式小孔内对流换热研究

研究了多斜孔壁冷却方式小孔内对流的局部和平均换热情况。研究方法是相似理论指导下的实验研究。研究结果表明:小孔进口区的换热增强幅度较大,并且在进口区不同的位置上增幅存在差别;孔内雷诺数对换热增强幅度影响较大,孔内雷诺数越高,换热增强越大。      

音叉振动式微机械陀螺固有频率的统计特性分析

 以一种通过体微机械加工技术制备的音叉振动式微机械陀螺为对象,首次基于随机摄动技术定量研究了微陀螺固有频率变异的统计特征,以概率思想表达了微陀螺批量加工过程所带来的材料／尺寸随机误差对其各阶固有频率的影响。通过所提出的影响因子这一概念反映了微陀螺参数变异对固频变异的敏感度。在详尽分析微陀螺众多参数的影响因子的基础上,获得了微陀螺最为关键的六个参数。这有限关键参数的获得,不仅为微陀螺的健壮性设计提供了方向,同时也为实际微陀螺的加工控制提供了量化的可参考依据。     

V型皱褶芯材夹层结构强迫对流传热与热应力分析

V型皱褶芯材夹层结构与强迫对流冷却相结合,可应用于高超声速飞行器或大功率电子器件承载和散热的多功能设计。文章采用数值仿真方法对强迫对流条件下V型皱褶芯材夹层结构的换热及其产生的热应力进行研究,获得了相应的速度场、温度场及结构热应力分布。结果表明:强迫对流条件下,V型皱褶芯材夹层结构的换热性能明显提高,同时导致较大的压力损失。流体速度场随着几何构型的改变而发生周期性的变化,在结构偏折处波峰一侧流速达到最大,对流换热得到增强;沿着冷却液流动方向,结构与冷却液的温度逐渐升高,并伴随着周期性的波动;皱褶芯材夹层结构的整体换热能力随着入口流速的增大而增强。热流输入侧的面板热应力和变形均较大,结构皱褶部位存在应力集中。