复合热条件下椭球形封闭腔内低压气体的自然对流

以填充氦气的平流层浮空器为应用背景,对非均匀复杂热边界条件下大尺寸椭球形封闭腔内低压气体的自然对流热特性与动力学特性进行了数值模拟。以Fluent软件为基础,采用用户自定义函数(UDF)自编程技术引入外部非均匀的对流-辐射耦合热边界条件,考虑了低压气体密度对压力、温度的依赖关系。分析了不同条件下腔壁与内部气体温度、对流换热特性以及流场、压力、质心变化等动力学特性,通过数据分析,获得了腔内自然对流的局部对流换热系数关联式。研究结果表明,在平流层环境下,外部非均匀热边界条件及其变化对封闭腔内低压气体的自然对流热特性与动力学特性影响很大。     

运用爆破震动来识别地下裂隙和软弱夹层

从爆破震动信号主要来源于爆破区邻近范围内地质结构的自振的观点出发,提出了一种探测地下裂隙和软弱夹层的新技术:把震源布置在裂隙和软弱夹层附近进行爆破,由于介质中裂隙和软弱夹层的存在使得局部结构的刚度减小,直接影响到爆破介质振动的速度幅值和频率,因此可以通过地表接收器接收的振动信号(包括振动速度的幅值和频率)识别出裂隙和软弱夹层的大小和形状等特征.通过无网格的数值算例分别从水平裂隙和斜裂隙的情况下总结规律说明了这种方法的可行性.     

社会技术与自然技术的和谐图景

技术是人的本质存在形式。技术范畴已发生本体论上的外延,除自然技术外,还必然涵括社会技术范畴。社会技术的存在毋庸置疑,自学界提出社会技术的概念后,社会技术与自然技术的关系便成为技术哲学研究的崭新视角。和谐技术观是社会技术与自然技术关系之基。社会技术和自然技术在消解与融合、界限、可逆性等诸方面显现出和谐图景。     

Atmospheric response to a Hot SST Event in November 2006 as observed by the AIRS instrument

Using Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) products of atmospheric temperature and geopotential height, we investigate the atmospheric response to HE0611, which was found and investigated by [Qin, H., Kawamura, H., Sakaida, F., Ando, K. A case study of the tropical Hot Event in November 2006 (HE0611) using a geostationary meteorological satellite and the TAO/TRITON mooring array. J. Geophys. Res. 113, C08045, doi: 10.1029/2007JC004640, 2008]. HE0611 was formed by connecting two very high SST areas, HE0611-East and HE0611-West. The period-mean atmosphere temperatures at levels of 925 and 850 hPa in HE0611-West are higher, by about 0.5 K, than those in WE0611-East while the atmospheric temperatures at middle to high levels (700–300 hPa) are higher in HE0611-East. The period-mean geopotential heights HE0611-East are much lower than those in HE0611-West for the levels from the surface to 400 hPa. The mean geopotential heights from 400 hPa to 200 hPa are higher in HE0611-East. In the middle and high layers over HE0611-West, the atmosphere temperatures gradually decrease from 7th to 17th, and then increase significantly. The increase in HE0611-East starts from 15th November, which is earlier than that of HE0611-West. The geopotential heights in the high layer of both the areas also show corresponding behaviors. The lagged atmospheric response in the western part is confirmed by the correlation analysis. It emerges that the atmospheric response to HE0611 is well organized and associated with deep convention in HE0611-East and subsidence in HE0611-West. These are also consistent with the HE0611 features and evolution revealed by earlier HE studies.     

形状记忆合金智能结构的主动振动抑制研究

 从形状记忆合金 (SMA)智能结构用于主动振动抑制的构想出发,建立了含SMA非线性本构关系的智能复合材料结构的有限元模型,并结合试验验证了主动振动抑制的效果。试验和计算结果都表明SMA是振动抑制的有效驱动器,通过主动应变能调整 (ASET)的方法对结构固有频率的影响非常显著,这种影响主要体现在基频 (一阶固有频率 )的改变上,对高阶固有频率的影响逐渐减小。     

关于天然气价格定价方法的探讨

从世界范围看，有三种基本的方法被用于确定天然气价格：以成本为基础的定价方法、以市场为基础的定价方法和以成本和市场混合为基础的定价方法。不同的定价方法各有其适用条件和优缺点，这些定价方法在西气东输项目中得到不同的应用。     

Numerical study of forced convective heat transfer around a spherical aerostat

Forced convective heat transfer is one of the major factors that dominate the thermal behaviors of aerostats. Due to the large physical size, the convection around an aerostat has high Reynolds numbers. The existing forced convective heat transfer correlations are limited to the Reynolds number lower than 10⁵, which are not appropriate for aerostat applications. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain a convective heat transfer correlation applicable to spherical aerostats at high Reynolds numbers. In this paper, steady convective heat transfer from an isothermal spherical aerostat is numerically investigated. The numerical simulation is carried out by commercial computational fluid dynamic software with the Reynolds number from 20 to 10⁸. The average Nusselt numbers are obtained and compared with those of available in literature. Based on regression and optimization with software, a new piecewise correlation of Nusselt number is proposed. The verification shows that the new correlation is reliable.     

基于线性稳定性理论的转捩控制试验

 使用线化稳定性理论研究了某后掠机翼试验模型在风洞试验条件下可能的试验结果。在当前试验条件下,三维边界层中横流驻波的不同波长扰动发展趋势不同,根据理论分析和数值计算给出了最大放大率波长为4.0 mm。通过升华法试验验证了理论分析与数值计算结果。在试验中使用丝网印刷技术在后掠机翼前缘添加粗糙带,成功地引入了理论计算的最大放大率波长。根据预期影响了三维边界层的转捩。     

Design of nanofluid-cooled heat sink using topology optimization

The paper presented topology optimization of 2D and 3D Nanofluid-Cooled Heat Sink (NCHS). The flow and heat transfer problem in the NCHS was treated as a single-phase nanofluid based convective heat transfer model. The temperature-dependent fluid properties were taken into account in the model due to the strong temperature-dependent features of nanofluids. An average temperature minimum problem was studied subject to the fluid area and energy dissipation constraints by using the density method. In the method, the design variable is updated according to the gradient information obtained by an adjoint based sensitivity analysis process. The effects of the energy dissipation constraint, temperature-dependent fluid properties and nanofluid characteristics on optimal configurations of NCHS were numerically investigated with following conclusions. Firstly, branched flow channels in the optimal configuration increased with the rise of the allowed energy dissipation. Secondly, temperature-dependent fluid properties were significant for obtaining the appropriate optimal results with best cooling performance. Thirdly, heat transfer performances of optimal configurations were enhanced by reducing the nanoparticle diameter or increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction. Fourthly, the optimal configuration for nanofluid had better cooling performance than that for its base fluid.     

横越两圆柱体的传热特性

用数值方法求解绕过两圆柱的对流传热问题。贝克列数在０－５０的范围内，了四种不同间距时的传热情况。从中发现两圆柱的传热特性相互有影响，这种影响随意距变化很敏感，两圆柱中任一个的平均谢尔特数总是小于单个圆柱的。并给出了简化计算的条件与公式。