信息时代互联网发展对国家主权侵蚀研究

在信息时代，互联网的快速发展加速了信息的传播和流动，推动了社会的开放，极大地方便了人们的工作和生活，推进了经济社会的全面发展和进步，但同时也对一个国家的主权和安全带来了诸多的挑战。重点分析了互联网的快速发展对国家的政治、经济、文化和军事主权带来的挑战和侵蚀，提出管理部门应积极探索适合本国国情的互联网发展道路，最大限度地保护与实现国家和民族的根本利益。     

飞机武器系统易损性评价中几何描述研究

提出了飞机易损性评价中应提供的几何数据，建立了各类几何及拓扑变换的数学模型，用此模型可计算易损性评价所需的各个标准方位的几何数据。     

Extraterrestrial environmental impact assessments – A foreseeable prerequisite for wise decisions regarding outer space exploration,research and development

Although existing international instruments such as the Outer Space Treaty and Moon Agreement generally express sentiments for minimizing missions' extraterrestrial environmental impacts, they tend to be limited in scope, vague and generally unenforceable. There is no formal structure for assessing how and to what extent we affect those environments, no opportunity for public participation, no uniform protocol for documenting and registering the effects of our actions and no requirement to mitigate adverse impacts or take them into consideration in the decision-making process. Except for precautions limiting forward biological contamination and issues related to Earth satellites, environmental impact analysis, when done at all, remains focused on how missions affect the Earth and near-Earth environments, not how our actions affect the Moon, Mars, Europa, comets and other potential destinations. Extraterrestrial environmental impacts are potentially counterproductive to future space exploration, exploitation and scientific investigations. Clear, consistent and effective international protocols guiding a process for assessing such impacts are warranted. While instruments such as the US National Environmental Policy Act provide legally tested and efficient regulatory models that can guide impact assessment here on Earth, statutory legal frameworks may not work as well in the international environment of outer space. A proposal for industry-driven standards and an environmental code of conduct based, in part, on best management practices are offered for consideration.     

一种载人航天概率风险评价数据选用与分析方法

概率风险评价(PRA)方法是一项成熟的量化风险评估技术,而可靠性相关数据不足,制约着该方法在国内载人航天领域的应用。针对这一问题,结合NASA的PRA工作经验,提出了一种适合国内载人航天PRA数据选用与分析的方法,综合运用产品的通用数据与特定数据,采用贝叶斯等数据融合方法,对产品进行量化评价。通过航天典型产品案例,与经典评估方法进行对比分析,结果表明,此方法更能反映产品的失效特性。文章提出的方法,可用于载人航天等具有小子样特征的产品PRA数据的选用与分析,为我国载人航天开展PRA工作提供参考。     

城市化进程下消防装备的管理

在快速城市化进程的新背景下,城市消防装备管理所面临的一些问题日渐突出,分析了产生这些问题的原因,并结合我国消防管理当前的发展现状,提出建立完善的火灾风险评估体系、认真开展消防装备评估工作、积极引入科学合理的装备管理模式等相应的消防装备管理对策.     

高职英语教学中形成性评估的应用研究综述

本文收集了形成性评估在高职英语教学中应用研究的文献,进行了分析,总结了前期研究的局限,并对后期研究提出了一些建议。     

一种小灯泡的失效分布及其可靠性评定

对两个厂家生产的小灯泡的失效分布进行了一致性检验及拟合优度检验，分析表明，它们的寿命不属同一母体，但均限从对数正态分布，根据可靠性评定的结果，选择可靠性下限较高的A厂的小灯泡是适当的．     

基于测绘业务的遥感图像质量标准开发研究

评价遥感图像的质量既可以采用客观的方法也可以采用主观的方法。重点研究了遥感图像质量主观评价方法。回顾了主观评价使用的量表法和任务满足度法的主要思想。由1∶500～1∶10 000比例尺制图的图示要求,概括出了若干个典型的满足一定规范要求的测绘业务,设计了一个心理物理试验,对这些测绘业务进行了研究,开发了一个面向1∶500～1∶10 000比例尺制图的主观图像质量评价标准。     

重庆都市经济圈土壤Cd元素含量分布特征与评价

通过重庆都市经济圈网格化深浅层土壤及评价样品的调查分析,阐述重金属Cd区域上的分布现状,并绘制土壤Cd元素环境质量分级图.研究区浅层土壤Cd背景平均值0.27μg/g,深层0.13μg/g.根据《土壤环境质量标准》对区内土壤进行统计分类,区内浅层土壤Cd元素Ⅱ类土及以上土类面积为83.97%.土壤Cd高含量值主要分布在金刀峡镇北、含谷—白市驿、木耳—王家和玉峰山镇等区域.含谷—白市驿、木耳—王家、西彭北等区域的高Cd含量受人类活动影响比较明显,其中含谷—白市驿区Cd主要来源于生活垃圾、排污底泥和降尘,而金刀峡镇北的高Cd含量属自然背景变化的范畴.     

Towards a scientific understanding of the risk from extreme space weather

Like all natural hazards, space weather exhibits occasional extreme events over timescales of decades to centuries. Historical events provoked much interest, and sometimes alarm, because bright aurora becomes visible at mid-latitudes. However, they had little economic impact because the major technologies of those eras were not sensitive to space weather. This is no longer true. The widespread adoption of advanced technological infrastructures over the past 40 years has created significant sensitivity. So these events now have the potential to disrupt those infrastructures – and thus have profound economic and societal impact. However, like all extreme hazards, such events are rare, so we have limited data on which to build our understanding of the events. This limitation is uniquely serious for space weather since it is a global phenomenon. Many other natural hazards (e.g. flash floods) are highly localised, so statistically significant datasets can be assembled by combining data from independent instances of the hazard recorded over a few decades. Such datasets are the foundation on which reliable risk assessment methodologies are built. But we have a single instance of space weather so we would have to make observations for many centuries in order to build a statistically significant dataset. We show that it is not practicable to assess the risk from extreme events using simple statistical methods. Instead we must exploit our knowledge of solar-terrestrial physics to find other ways to assess these risks. We discuss three alternative approaches: (a) use of proxy data, (b) studies of other solar systems, and (c) use of physics-based modelling. We note that the proxy data approach is already well-established as a technique for assessing the long-term risk from radiation storms, but does not yet provide any means to assess the risk from severe geomagnetic storms. This latter risk is more suited to the other approaches, but significant research is needed to make progress. We need to develop and expand techniques to monitoring key space weather features in other solar systems (stellar flares, radio emissions from planetary aurorae). And to make progress in modelling severe space weather, we need to focus on the physics that controls severe geomagnetic storms, e.g. how can dayside and tail reconnection be modulated to expand the region of open flux to envelop mid-latitudes?