Long-wavelength lunar gravity field recovery from simulated orbit and inter-satellite tracking data

As has been demonstrated recently, inter-satellite Ka-band tracking data collected by the GRAIL (Gravity Recovery And Interior Laboratory) spacecraft have the potential to improve the resolution and accuracy of the lunar gravity field by several orders of magnitude compared to previous models. By means of a series of simulation studies, here we investigate the contribution of inter-satellite ranging for the recovery of the Moon’s gravitational features; the evaluation of results is made against findings from ground-based Doppler tracking. For this purpose we make use of classical dynamic orbit determination, supported by the analysis of satellite-to-satellite tracking observations. This study sheds particularly light on the influence of the angular distance between the two satellites, solar radiation modeling and the co-estimation of the lunar Love number k₂. The quality of the obtained results is assessed by gravity field power spectra, gravity anomalies and precision orbit determination. We expect our simulation results to be supportive for the processing of real GRAIL data.     

Enhancing the kinematic precise orbit determination of low earth orbiters using GPS receiver clock modelling

Clock error estimation has been the focus of a great deal of research because of the extensive usage of clocks in GPS positioning applications. The receiver clock error in the spacecraft orbit determination is commonly estimated on an epoch-by-epoch basis, along with the spacecraft’s position. However, due to the high correlation between the spacecraft orbit altitude and the receiver clock parameters, estimates of the radial component are degraded in the kinematic approach. Using clocks with high stability, the predictable behaviour of the receiver oscillator can be exploited to improve the positioning accuracy, especially for the radial component. This paper introduces two GPS receiver clock models to describe the deterministic and stochastic property of the receiver clock, both of which can improve the accuracy of kinematic orbit determination for spacecraft in low earth orbit. In particular, the clock parameters are estimated as time offset and frequency offset in the two-state model. The frequency drift is also estimated as an unknown parameter in the three-state model. Additionally, residual non-deterministic random errors such as frequency white noise, frequency random walk noise and frequency random run noise are modelled. Test results indicate that the positioning accuracy could be improved significantly using one day of GRACE flight data. In particular, the error of the radial component was reduced by over 40.0% in the real-time scenario.     

RTS平滑滤波在事后姿态确定中的应用

为了进一步提高卫星事后姿态确定的精度,基于EKF引入RTS后向平滑滤波.针对目前广泛使用的以误差作为状态变量的EKF姿态确定方法,不改变原有的EKF方法,通过对EKF过程中得到的数据做相应处理,在保证不出现协方差阵奇异的情况下,成功地将RTS平滑滤波算法应用到事后姿态确定中,并用RTS平滑滤波算法进行了仿真.仿真结果表明,RTS平滑滤波的姿态确定精度明显优于EKF.     

Impact analysis of the transponder time delay on radio-tracking observables

Accurate tracking of probes is one of the key points of space exploration. Range and Doppler techniques are the most commonly used. In this paper we analyze the impact of the transponder delay, $i.e$. the processing time between reception and re-emission of a two-way tracking link at the satellite, on tracking observables and on spacecraft orbits. We show that this term, only partially accounted for in the standard formulation of computed space observables, can actually be relevant for future missions with high nominal tracking accuracies or for the re-processing of old missions. We present several applications of our formulation to Earth flybys, the NASA GRAIL and the ESA BepiColombo missions.     

废水COD快速测定方法研究

本文利用国产微波炉作为测定废水的ＣＯＤ（化学需氧量）的消解装置,微波密封消解法与标准回流法相比,省时省电,省试剂,无需加催化剂和掩蔽剂,避免了银盐和汞盐的污染,对不同的ＣＯＤＣｒ值范围,在相应的氯离子浓度条件下测定效果较好,适于批量水样的测定和水样的连续监测,研究证明,该法具有较好的准确度和精度密,可以得到与标准回流法相近的结果。     

基于最小偏度采样的卫星自主导航SRUKF算法

针对航天器自主导航系统对可靠性、精确性和实时性的要求,将最小偏度采样策略和平方根Unscented卡尔曼滤波(SRUKF)算法相结合,提出了一种改进型SRUKF算法,该算法在保证滤波精度和标准Unscented卡尔曼滤波(UKF)算法相当的条件下,通过引入最小偏度采样减少了采样点数,提高了计算速度,以协方差阵的平方根代替协方差阵参加递推运算,减少了计算机舍入误差.将该算法应用于磁强计/雷达高度计组合导航系统中,仿真结果表明:该算法保证了估计精度,较大地减轻了计算负担,具有算法简单、计算效率较高的特点,能够满足卫星自主导航系统的要求.     

噪声振动环境中的仪器设备损伤研究

对噪声振动环境下的仪器电路板损伤进行了研究,以解释高噪声环境下某机箱电路板引脚断裂机理。应用噪声激励下激光测振技术、声传递试验方法、有限元分析动态响应分析技术,给出了元器件管脚动态应力分布,并根据S-N曲线对结构的寿命进行评估分析,理论分析所得出的失效模式及寿命时间和试验情况基本吻合。本文所探索的噪声激励下的电路板应力分析及寿命评估技术可以用来评估力学环境造成的仪器损伤,拓展了仪器可靠性评估途径,具有较高的工程应用价值和借鉴意义。     

基于热熔法的铺丝用预浸纱含胶量控制

针对轨道飞行器用高模量碳纤维复合材料品种多、批量小、质量要求高的特点,研究自动铺丝用预浸纱制备的质量控制方法。研究了直接热熔法中不同工艺参数对预浸纱含胶量的影响规律,运用正交试验定量分析了诸因素的影响程度,研究结果表明：限位辊与擦胶辊间隙对含胶量的影响最大,其次分别为收卷速率、树脂温度、差速比、放纱张力;制备HS40/CY-10W高模量碳纤维/氰酸酯预浸纱的最优工艺参数为：两辊间隙0.15 mm、收卷速率12.56 m/min、树脂温度100 ℃、差速比60%、放纱张力13 N。制备的预浸纱宽度稳定、含胶量为34.0±1.0%、离散系数≤0.79%,满足铺丝用精密预浸纱要求。     

姿态确定组合系统中多天线GPS的工程实现

设计了一种具有高精度姿态确定性能,高输出率、低耗、快速初始化、通过数据合成而具备坚固性和冗余性的多天线GPS和微机械惯导组合的姿态确定系统。给出了实现该系统的数学方法。该系统在一段时间内没有GPS测量信息也能提供姿态以及其他的导航信息。试验结果表明在200Hz状态下姿态、位置、速度、加速度以及角速率可以达到0.08°/s、1.5m、0.1m/s、0.12m/s2和0.1°/s。     

机载通讯设备自动测试系统硬件设计

介绍机载通讯设备自动测试系统的硬件设计,包括如何由需求分析确定硬件设计方案、硬件设计具体内容、硬件设计流程以及硬件设计中的难点与解决方案。自动测试系统已投入生产运行,满足机载设备大修时的测试、诊断需求,较大地提高了维修效率。