Effect of Variable Selection on Multidisciplinary Design Optimization： a Flight Vehicle Example

Different multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) problems are formulated and compared. Two MDO formulations are applied to a sounding rocket in order to optimize the performance of the rocket. In the MDO of the referred vehicle, three disciplines have been considered,which are trajectory, propulsion and aerodynamics. A special design structure matrix is developed to assist data exchange between disciplines. This design process uses response surface method (RSM) for multidisciplinary optimization of the rocket. The RSM is applied to the design in two categories: the propulsion model and the system level. In the propulsion model, RSM deter-mines an approximate mathematical model of the engine output parameters as a function of design variables. In the system level, RSM fits a surface of objective function versus design variables. In the first MDO problem formulation, two design variables are selected to form propulsion discipline. In the second one, three new design variables from geometry are added and finally, an optimization method is applied to the response surface in the system level in order to find the best result. Application of the first developed multidisciplinary design optimization procedure increased accessible altitude (performance index) of the referred sounding rocket by twenty five percents and the second one twenty nine.     

Spacecraft attitude maneuver control using two parallel mounted 3-DOF spherical actuators

A parallel configuration using two 3-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) spherical electromag-netic momentum exchange actuators is investigated for large angle spacecraft attitude maneuvers. First, the full dynamic equations of motion for the spacecraft system are derived by the Newton-Euler method. To facilitate computation, virtual gimbal coordinate frames are established. Second, a nonlinear control law in terms of quaternions is developed via backstepping method. The pro-posed control law compensates the coupling torques arising from the spacecraft rotation, and is robust against the external disturbances. Then, the singularity problem is analyzed. To avoid sin-gularities, a modified weighed Moore-Pseudo inverse velocity steering law based on null motion is proposed. The weighted matrices are carefully designed to switch the actuators and redistribute the control torques. The null motion is used to reorient the rotor away from the tilt angle saturation state. Finally, numerical simulations of rest-to-rest maneuvers are performed to validate the effec-tiveness of the proposed method.     

基于ASK调制的射频接收机芯片前端设计

为工作在27M频点的射频接收芯片组设计了一种基于ASK调制0.5μm CMOS工艺下具有实用价值的低成本接收端。在分析了当前市场中使用较多的超外差式和超再生式接收前端特点的基础上,结合芯片组所采用的ASK调制方式,考虑成本与性能的折衷,采用一种称为直接放大式电路结构,并通过Cadence软件进行电路设计与仿真。仿真结果显示：接收前端放大倍数为60.7dB,检波输入灵敏度为100mV,能对天线端高频信号进行放大与解调,恢复出串行脉冲信号。     

超/高超声速飞行器动态稳定性导数极快速预测方法

飞行器设计早期阶段需要预测大量工况下的动导数。本文发展了一种面向超/高超声速飞行器的动导数极快速预测方法：首先基于当地流活塞理论,将飞行器进行小幅非定常运动所受到的气动力分为受自由来流引起的无附加扰动项以及受物面变形或运动引起的附加扰动项;通过当地表面斜度法、激波后等熵关系求解物面当地流动参数,进而结合非定常运动规律求出飞行器所受非定常气动力;再采用待定系数法对非定常气动力进行提取、辨识,最终得到超/高超声速飞行器动导数。该方法克服了传统方法对CFD流场参数的依赖和耦合,具有极高的计算效率;同时典型算例验证表明,该方法在超声速、高超声速工况下都能够很好预测动导数变化趋势。将该方法应用于复杂外形飞行器动导数预测,并讨论了与CFD方法的误差来源。本文方法可作为高速飞行器总体设计阶段布局选型的工具。     

管式电除尘器中粉尘颗粒运动轨迹的数值模拟

对管式电除尘器中的气固两相流动流场进行数值模拟 ,实质上是研究粉尘颗粒在有电场力作用下的运动轨迹。计算中 ,将气相作为连续介质 ,采用 K- ε双方程湍流模型 ,并用 SIMPL E算法对流场进行数值模拟 ;将固相作为离散体系 ,采用颗粒轨迹法计算其运动轨迹。计算时分别选取 4种电压、4种气流速度和 4种颗粒直径为计算工况 ,计算结果显示出颗粒运动特性和除尘效率 ,并指出其与电压、气流速度和颗粒粒径等 3个主要因素相关。计算结果与实验较为一致 ,表明文中提出的理论模型可用于管式电除尘器中颗粒运动的数值模拟 ,对电除尘器的研究和设计有重要的指导意义     

用聚能切割法实现推力终止实验研究

对用聚能切割法实现固体火箭发动机推力终止的方案开展了实验研究,推力、压强测量用于观测冲击及压强过程,高速运动分析仪用于观测切割过程。有限的实验结果表明,聚能切割能在3~6 m s实现燃烧室的快速降压熄火,从而实现推力终止,但固体推进剂在一段时间之后复燃,产生微小推力;聚能切割会产生较大的冲击力。     

一种基于光流拟和的航拍视频图像全局运动估算方法

在多分辨率光流估算的基础上,提出了一种基于光流拟和的方法用于对航拍视频图像中的全局运动进行估算。在利用光流对全局运动模型拟和时,针对光流估算的不确定性以及图像中独立目标运动的干扰,提出了一种光流分块拟和与评估的方法用于剔除光流场中不利于全局运动估算的干扰数据,从而有效提高了全局运动的估算精度。航拍视频图像配准与独立运动检测的仿真结果均验证了算法的有效性。     

H.264快速帧间编码模式选择算法

为了减少H.264/AVC帧间编码模式选择的计算复杂度,利用编码模式之间的相关性以及视频序列时空域的相关性,提出了有选择性的小块搜索技术和有选择性的帧内编码模式搜索技术.模拟结果表明,该算法在保持率失真性能的前提下可以大幅度减少模式选择的计算复杂度,有利于H.264的实时应用.     

Motion of Microwave Plasma Electrons in the Action of Magnetic Field

对矩形微波谐振腔中的等离子体,在高频电磁场和非均匀稳恒外磁场作用下的电子回旋共振运动进行了讨论.对电子写出了牛顿运动方程,采用数值计算方法,用计算机计算并绘出了电子运动曲线和运动轨迹.对电子的能量也作了计算.从计算结果分析了电子运动的特点和电子的能量吸收.     

同时距离对准和相位补偿

在ＩＳＡＲ距离对准频域法的基础上,提出了一种新的ＩＳＡＲ运动补偿法。它将距离对准和相位补偿同时进行,因而能够简化运动补偿环节,减少运动补偿计算量。从理论上证明了所采用的相位补偿法与多普勒中心跟踪法是等效的。最后利用ＩＳＡＲ外场实测数据和微波暗室数据进行了验证,并且考察了所述方法的噪声性能。