超临界翼型跨声速激波振荡数值模拟

应用DES(detached eddy simulation)方法研究了SC(2)-0714超临界翼型跨声速自维持激波振荡现象.使用的DES方法预测了激波在翼型上表面的周期性运动,分析了雷诺数对激波运动的减缩频率、平均激波位置、脉动压力系数等非定常特性的影响.结果表明:雷诺数对激波振荡运动特性的影响呈非线性关系;而雷诺数为6×106时的激波振荡运动特性与雷诺数分别为15×106及30×106时的特性存在明显差异.      

偏中心定位对弹射过程中飞机姿态的影响

舰载飞机弹射起飞时,由于航母运动等因素的影响,飞机往往无法与弹射轨道对中.针对这种情况,在考虑航母运动以及起落架缓冲和轮胎弹性的基础上,建立六自由度偏中心定位弹射起飞数学模型,研究了在航母典型运动状态下不同初始偏心距离对弹射起飞过程中飞机姿态的影响,结果表明:初始偏心距离对飞机的偏航运动影响最大,偏航运动的幅度随初始偏心距离的增大而增大;在弹射滑跑过程中,飞机的偏航运动有明显的衰减趋势;弹射杆所承受的侧向弯矩随初始偏心距离的增大而增大.研究结果为舰载飞机的设计提供了一定的理论参考.      

星图运动模糊及其复原方法

研究了载体角运动及振动对星敏感器成像的影响,推导并建立了不同飞行状态下星图模糊的数学模型.在此基础上讨论了多重运动模糊机理,提出采用分步复原方案去除多重星图模糊,以保证高动态环境下星敏感器工作的精确性及稳定性.仿真结果表明,载体运动造成的星体质心提取误差与具体运动形式及参数有关,并通过比较复原前后星敏感器的定姿效果,验证了模糊星图分步复原方法的有效性.      

轨道方程计算中Adams-Cowell方法的外推改进

在人造地球卫星精密定轨中,有摄星历的计算常采用A-C方法(即Adams-Cowell方法),针对这种经典的线性多步法,应用外推技术将计算过程进行了加速,从而提出了一种更高精度的WA-C方法(即Adams-Cowell方法的外推改进)。最后应用典型算例将A-C方法、KSG积分器、改进的A-C方法及文中的WA-C方法进行数值验证,并比较4种方法中卫星轨道沿迹误差的结果,结果表明采用WA-C方法的精度有明显提高。     

微型飞行器的仿生力学——蜜蜂悬停飞行的动稳定性研究

研究蜜蜂悬停飞行的纵向动稳定性问题。用数值求解N-S方程的方法计算拍动翅及身体的气动导数;用特征模态分析方法求解运动方程。蜜蜂悬停飞行的纵向扰动运动由3个特征模态构成:不稳定振荡模态、快衰减模态、慢衰减模态。不稳定振荡模态主要为俯仰与水平方向的振荡运动;向前运动伴随上仰运动,向后运动伴随下俯运动,这种水平运动与俯仰运动的耦合产生的与转动方向同向的力矩,是不稳定的原因。快衰减模态主要为单调下俯和向前(或上仰和向后)运动。慢衰减运动主要为下沉(或上升)运动。由于不稳定振荡模态的存在,蜜蜂的悬停飞行是动不稳定的,扰动增长的倍幅时间(0.11s)是拍动周期(5.1ms)的22倍,这对蜜蜂来说是较慢的。这里的结果也许可解释蜜蜂为何悬停得很平稳,同时机动性也很好:扰动增长慢,易于调整翅的运动以抑制之(昆虫可在远小于拍动周期的时间内调整其翅膀的运动);而稳定性弱或不稳定为高机动性提供了基础。     

从二维图像直线光流场求解三维刚体旋转运动参数

本文将图像直线的三个参数对时间的导数定义成直线光流场,找出了在透视投影模型下运动刚体上的空间直线与其投影的图像直线之间的关系,提出了一种利用单目图像序列中两幅连续图像的三对直线光流场,通过解线性方程组得到刚体旋转运动的算法,同时还可以得到摄像机的一个内参数焦距。由于是解线性方程组,无需迭代和给出迭代初值且所需要的直线数目少,所以该算法简单,运算速度较快,容易实现。     

双脉冲固体火箭发动机隔塞运动特性

以双脉冲固体火箭发动机隔塞的运动过程为研究对象,搭建了脉冲隔离装置冷气冲击实验平台,获得了隔塞在Ⅰ脉冲燃烧室中的运动规律.采用动态结构嵌套网格方法,对隔塞的运动过程进行了数值模拟,分析了隔塞运动过程中流场结构,揭示了隔塞运动规律的形成机制.研究结果表明:对于单孔隔板,隔塞在燃烧室中沿轴向平稳运动,随着驱动压强的上升,隔...     

机床主轴径向回转误差的测试与研究

给出了一种主轴回转误差动态测量的误差分离方法,提出了一套主轴回转精度的动态测试系统。该系统由位移测试单元、采样时钟单元、数据采集卡、通用计算机及数据处理软件组成。     

一种基于航摄图像特性的H.263压缩算法的改进

研究了航摄视频图像的特性,并根据航摄视频图像的特性,从预测初始搜索点、搜索策略和半像素精度运动估值方面改进了H.263标准中的运动估计算法。实验结果表明,针对航摄图像特性改进的算法比全搜索算法和三步搜索算法具有更高的搜索效率。     

In-flight testing of the injection of the LISA Pathfinder test mass into a geodesic

LISA Pathfinder is a technology demonstrator space mission, aimed at testing key technologies for detecting gravitational waves in space. The mission is the precursor of LISA, the first space gravitational waves observatory, whose launch is scheduled for 2034. The LISA Pathfinder scientific payload includes two gravitational reference sensors (GRSs), each one containing a test mass (TM), which is the sensing body of the experiment. A mission critical task is to set each TM into a pure geodesic motion, i.e. guaranteeing an extremely low acceleration noise in the sub-Hertz frequency bandwidth. The grabbing positioning and release mechanism (GPRM), responsible for the injection of the TM into a geodesic trajectory, was widely tested on ground, with the limitations imposed by the 1-g environment. The experiments showed that the mechanism, working in its nominal conditions, is capable of releasing the TM into free-fall fulfilling the very strict constraint imposed on the TM residual velocity, in order to allow its capture on behalf of the electrostatic actuation.However, the first in-flight releases produced unexpected residual velocity components, for both the TMs. Moreover, all the residual velocity components were greater than maximum value set by the requirements. The main suspect is that unexpected contacts took place between the TM and the surroundings bodies. As a consequence, ad hoc manual release procedures had to be adopted for the few following injections performed during the nominal mission. These procedures still resulted in non compliant TM states which were captured only after impacts. However, such procedures seem not practicable for LISA, both for the limited repeatability of the system and for the unmanageable time lag of the telemetry/telecommand signals (about 4400 s). For this reason, at the end of the mission, the GPRM was deeply tested in-flight, performing a large number of releases, according to different strategies. The tests were carried out in order to understand the unexpected dynamics and limit its effects on the final injection. Some risk mitigation maneuvers have been tested aimed at minimizing the vibration of the system at the release and improving the alignment between the mechanism and the TM. However, no overall optimal release strategy to be implemented in LISA could be found, because the two GPRMs behaved differently.