径向孔形状对针栓式喷注器液膜下漏率的影响

为了研究径向孔形状对针栓式喷注器液膜下漏率的影响并对其进行准确预估,以径向圆孔液束的相对变形模型为基础,通过类比分析提出了矩形孔的相对变形理论模型,并考虑多喷注单元间相互影响和不同高宽比矩形孔的绕流侧边效应,首次建立了径向矩形孔的下漏率模型。通过试验及数值仿真对模型进行了验证分析,结果表明理论预估结果与数值仿真及试验结果吻合较好,也表明针对矩形孔建立的相对变形模型及下漏率模型具有较好的准确性。另外,研究表明矩形孔的下漏率除了与几何阻塞率、有效动量比及液膜厚度与液束孔宽度之比有关外,还与高宽比有关;3种不同高宽比情况下的下漏率均显著小于几何下漏率;同时下漏率随有效动量比增大而增大的趋势均较平缓。综合分析径向圆孔和3种不同高宽比矩形孔的结果发现,在径向孔横截面积及流量等工况参数完全相同的情况下,径向孔形状对下漏率有显著的影响,矩形孔的下漏率显著低于圆形孔的;矩形孔的高宽比越大,下漏率越大。实际应用中选择矩形孔更有利于控制下漏率,并可通过改变高宽比控制下漏率;同时在变工况过程中,矩形孔的下漏流量也会随着主路推进剂一起调节变化,保持下漏率变化不大,故具有较好的大范围变推力流量匹配特性。     

偏置动量卫星东西位置保持策略优化方法

针对偏王动量卫星的特点,提出了一种偏置动量卫星东西位置保持策略优化方法.根据单自由度轮控系统的控制方式、角动量管理的控制方法,以及角动量管理对卫星轨道的影响,基于动量轮转速的变化建立了推力器喷气效率、轨道元素变化量计算模型,提出了可延长东西位置保持周期的轨道控制优化策略.实际轨控任务应用结果表明方法控制效果良好.     

基于FSK的测斜系统电路设计

本文重点阐述了测斜系统井下仪器数据采集单元和数据发送单元电路的设计及井上仪器解调电路的设计，给出了具体的电路设计结果及元器件参数。     

Clipper“快船”概念气动特性初探

设计新型高效低廉的运输工具,把有效载荷送入近地轨道是人们不断追求的目标.已成功实现载人天地往返的运输工具包括研制周期长、造价昂贵的可重复使用航天飞机和结构简单、一次性使用的载人飞船两类.为进一步降低发射成本,设计介于航天飞船和航天飞机之间的新型飞行器,集飞船和航天飞机特点于一体的升力再入飞船返回舱也许更为切实可行.俄罗斯联邦空问局提出的可多次使用"快船"概念值得关注,其升阻比高、机动性强、稳定性好、过载低、空间大、成本低,而且可以部分重复使用,代表了未来低成本天地往返运输系统的重要发展方向.     

航天器热平衡试验中的热流测量技术

文章介绍了在航天器热平衡试验中到达航天器表面或被其吸收的红外辐射热流密度的测量技术。     

Driving major solar flares and eruptions: A review

This review focuses on the processes that energize and trigger M- and X-class solar flares and associated flux-rope destabilizations. Numerical modeling of specific solar regions is hampered by uncertain coronal-field reconstructions and by poorly understood magnetic reconnection; these limitations result in uncertain estimates of field topology, energy, and helicity. The primary advances in understanding field destabilizations therefore come from the combination of generic numerical experiments with interpretation of sets of observations. These suggest a critical role for the emergence of twisted flux ropes into pre-existing strong field for many, if not all, of the active regions that produce M- or X-class flares. The flux and internal twist of the emerging ropes appear to play as important a role in determining whether an eruption will develop predominantly as flare, confined eruption, or CME, as do the properties of the embedding field. Based on reviewed literature, I outline a scenario for major flares and eruptions that combines flux-rope emergence, mass draining, near-surface reconnection, and the interaction with the surrounding field. Whether deterministic forecasting is in principle possible remains to be seen: to date no reliable such forecasts can be made. Large-sample studies based on long-duration, comprehensive observations of active regions from their emergence through their flaring phase are needed to help us better understand these complex phenomena.     

双太阳翼GEO卫星在轨角动量管控方法

地球同步轨道(GEO)卫星在轨的主要环境干扰力矩为太阳光压力矩和重力梯度力矩,干扰力矩的累积效应表现为飞轮转速的变化,需要通过外力矩进行角动量卸载避免飞轮饱和。由于GEO磁场极弱,卫星无法使用磁力矩卸载,只能通过喷气卸载,而喷气将对卫星轨道产生影响,因此需要尽可能延长卸载周期。针对配置双对称太阳电池阵GEO卫星的角动量管控需求,首先建立卫星在惯性空间中角动量积累模型,并映射到卫星本体系中,得到本体系中的角动量变化规律。通过飞轮在轨转速遥测数据,精确辨识获取环境干扰力矩特征参数,获得真实可靠的干扰模型。以角动量卸载周期最长为原则,基于在轨环境干扰模型制定角动量管控策略,并准确预估下次角动量卸载时间。经在轨数据处理与分析表明:提出的角动量管控策略,可有效将飞轮的角动量卸载周期提升为原来的2倍,有效提升卫星在轨应用效能,具有实际工程意义。     

Accurately predicting hypersonic transitional flow on cone via a symmetry approach

A new algebraic transition model is proposed based on a Structural Ensemble Dynamics (SED) theory of wall turbulence, for accurately predicting the hypersonic flow heat transfer on cone. The model defines the eddy viscosity in terms of a two-dimensional multi-regime distribution of a Stress Length (SL) function, and hence is named as SED-SL. This paper presents clear evidence of precise predictions of transition onset location and peak heat flux of a wide range of hypersonic Transitional Boundary Layers (TrBL) around straight cone at zero incidence, to an unprecedented accuracy as validated by over 70 measurements for varying five crucial influential factors (Mach number, temperature ratio, cone half angle, nose Reynolds number and noise level). The results demonstrate the universality of the postulated multi-regime similarity structure, in characterizing not only the spatial non-uniform distribution of the eddy viscosity in hypersonic TrBL on cone, but also the dependence of the transition onset location on the five influential factors. The latter yields a novel correlation formula for transition center Reynolds number which takes similar functional form as the SL function within the symmetry approach. It is concluded that the SED-SL model simulates TrBL around cone with uniformly high accuracy, and then points out to an optimistic alternative way to construct hypersonic transition model.     

高空飞艇螺旋桨优化设计与气动性能车载试验

结合某高空飞艇螺旋桨的总体设计方案要求,完成螺旋桨的优化设计以及气动性能车载试验.采用叶素动量理论作为螺旋桨气动性能的计算方法,并通过风洞试验验证了该方法的可靠性.结合遗传算法对螺旋桨的弦长和扭转角进行了优化,使螺旋桨更加高效轻质,优化后螺旋桨设计点的气动效率增加了2.3%.建立螺旋桨车载试验测控系统,可以改变试验海拔高度和大气参数,得到优化设计螺旋桨不同工况的气动性能.试验结果表明,相同转速和来流条件下,海拔越高,螺旋桨的推力和扭矩越小.海拔为3-6km时,全尺寸高空飞艇螺旋桨计算推力和扭矩与试验结果的平均相对误差分别为2.8%和9.2%,两者基本吻合,从而验证了高空飞艇螺旋桨车载试验的准确性.      

轴向间距对压气机通道堵塞及总性能的影响

为了研究转静子叶片排之间的轴向间距对压气机内部流动堵塞及气动性能的影响,选取某单级轴流压气机为研究对象,采用多通道非定常数值计算方法对其5种不同轴向间距下的内部流场进行了全三维数值模拟。结果表明:在每一种轴向间距下,当压气机节流至某一工况之后,压气机通道内的流动堵塞区主要集中在转子叶顶间隙区域和动叶吸力面尾缘附近以及静叶吸力面轮毂角区内;在同一流量下,随着轴向间距的减小,转子叶根吸力面尾缘处的流动堵塞区有所扩大,但转子叶顶间隙区域及静叶吸力面轮毂角区内的流动堵塞区体积却不断减小,压气机通道内回流区的总体积也随之减小,其结果是压气机的静压升能力和流动稳定性增强且效率增大。通过进一步研究发现:在同一流量下,当轴向间距减小时,转子叶顶间隙区域内的主流轴向动量增大且泄漏流的轴向动量减小,其结果是转子叶顶间隙区域内流动堵塞区的体积减小。