一种基于天线虚拟运动的跳空扩频调制方法

为了加强无线通信物理层的传输安全,提出了一种基于天线虚拟运动的跳空扩频调制信号,采用天线的切换发射仿真天线运动,并且天线的切换方式由扩频码控制。利用天线开关函数产生的谐波分量构成一个空间扩频信号,这样发射的扩频信号不仅与发射信号使用的扩频码有关,而且与接收机相对于发射机的空间方位信息有关,是一种多天线跳空方式产生的扩频信号。最后给出了跳空扩频信号的频谱扩展性能、自相关性能、互相关性能、安全性能和多用户的通信性能,仿真结果表明跳空扩频信号为信息提供了一种更加安全的无线传输方法。     

氧化镍电致变色薄膜及其器件的制备与性能研究

以氧化铟锡（ITO）玻璃为基底,采用直流反应磁控溅射法在室温环境下制备了高透过率调制的NiO_x薄膜,利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子电镜 （SEM）、紫外可见分光光度计（UV 3600）对薄膜进行分析和表征,研究溅射过程中氩氧比、气压、功率对薄膜结构、形貌及电致变色性能的影响。结果表明：制备的NiO_x薄膜表面有明显的结晶颗粒及孔隙,并沿（200）晶面择优生长;随着气压、功率、氧分压的增大,透过率调制先增大后减小,在时间为45 min、溅射气压4.9 Pa、氩氧比113∶7、功率215 W时最高可达58.3%,着褪色响应时间分别为9和19 s,相应的着褪色效率分别为77.56和40.39 cm²/C;以最优工艺的NiO_x薄膜组装了结构为Glass/ITO/NiO_x/Li-electrolyte/WO₃/ITO/Glass的电致变色器件,器件在550 nm处的光调制幅度为46.5%,着褪色时间分别为27和45 s,相应的着褪色速率为1.5和0.9 %/s,在循环500次后透过率调制保持在40%以上。     

Sunspot activity and cosmic ray modulation at 1 a.u. for 1900–2013

The descent of sunspot cycle 23 to an unprecedented minimum of long duration in 2006–2009 led to a prolonged galactic cosmic ray (GCR) recovery to the highest level observed in the instrumental era for a variety of energetic charged particle species on Earth, over a wide range of rigidities. The remarkable GCR increase measured by several ground-based, balloon-borne, and detectors on a satellite is described and discussed. It is accompanied by a decrease in solar wind velocity and interplanetary magnetic field at 1 a.u., reaching the lowest values since measurements of the solar wind began in October 1963; the solar polar field strength (μT) measured at the Wilcox Solar Observatory (WSO) is also significantly reduced compared to prior cycles since the start of the program in 1976, the polar field in the northern hemisphere reversed in June 2012 and again in February 2014, that in the southern hemisphere reversed in July 2013. If updates of WSO data confirm the second reversal in northern solar hemisphere, it would pose a serious challenge to the Dynamo Theory. The long-term change in solar behavior may have begun in 1992, perhaps earlier. The physical underpinnings of these solar changes need to be understood and their effect on GCR modulation processes clarified. The study discusses the recent phenomena in the context of GCR modulation since 1900. These happenings affected our empirical predictions for the key parameters for the next two sunspot cycles (they may be progressively less active than sunspot cycle 24) but it enhanced support for our prediction that solar activity is descending into a Dalton-like grand minimum in the middle of the twentyfirst century, reducing the frequency of the coronal mass ejections; they determine the space weather affecting the quality of life on Earth, radiation dose for hardware and human activities in space as well as the frequency of large Forbush decreases at 1 a.u.     

一种虹膜特征提取与匹配方法

人眼虹膜尺寸很小,并且容易受到干扰,如果不能有效地提取出稳定的虹膜特征进行模式匹配,将严重影响虹膜识别的准确性和鲁棒性。本文提出一种稳定的虹膜特征提取与匹配方法,在虹膜注册端通过构建强特征分类器获得增强型特征模板,在虹膜识别端通过多样本特征映射融合提取稳定的特征样本,并根据风险预测自适应地确定分类阈值,然后进行特征匹配与虹膜分类,从而有效提高虹膜识别的准确性和鲁棒性。     

模糊温度控制系统在橡塑制品硫化工艺中的应用

根据橡塑制品的特点,以PLC为中心,在温度控制系统中应用PID 模糊抑制超调技术,研制一套平板硫化机模糊温度控制系统,提高硫化温度的精度,试验结果表明,所研制的系统能够全自动进行橡塑产品的硫化,操作方便,控制简单。     

最优PWM开关角的在线计算

最优PWM脉宽调制是逆变器控制的一种常用方案,但是由于最优PWM开关角计算的复杂性。一般都是离线计算最优开关角,用开关点预置的方法进行控制。十分不利于在线的电压调节。文中介绍了一种最优PWM开关角的在线计算方法。即利用神经网络的非线性逼近能力。对离线求解的最优PWM开关角样本点进行辨识拟合,从而得到最优PWM开关角对基波电压传输比的函数,用于实时计算。为利用最优PWM控制逆变器进行在线调压做好了准备。另外,还提出了一种简便的三相最优PWM开关角排序方法。解决了最优PWM开关角的在线排序问题。本算法在DSP实验平台上进行了实验验证,证明了算法的可行性。     

钛合金蜂窝结构蒙皮脱焊缺陷锁相红外热成像检测

蒙皮脱焊是钛合金蜂窝结构制造和服役过程中最常见的缺陷类型。受钛合金材料热导率低的影响,钛合金蜂窝结构中蒙皮越厚,红外热成像检测时其表面反映脱焊缺陷信息的温度差异信号就越弱,检测难度就越大。针对这一问题,研究了不同蒙皮厚度钛合金蜂窝结构锁相红外热成像检测时调制频率的选取范围。建立了钛合金蜂窝结构锁相红外热成像检测有限元模型,分析了蒙皮表面温度在调制热流作用下的变化历程,基于相关算法提取了蒙皮表面对应缺陷区和非缺陷区的相位差,分析了相位差与调制频率、蒙皮厚度的关系。利用锁相红外热成像检测系统对预制脱焊缺陷的蜂窝试件进行了实验研究,获得了缺陷区与非缺陷区信号相位差与调制频率的关系。研究结果表明,针对蒙皮厚度为0.6~2.0 mm的钛合金蜂窝结构,采用0.04~0.10 Hz的调制频率能够获得最佳检测结果。研究结果为钛合金蜂窝结构实际检测提供了工艺指导。      

关于阵列式雷达目标模拟器的理论分析

本文权述了阵列式雷达目标模拟器的基本原理。根据模拟目标与实际目标在接收处的反射场及视在中心均应相同的关系导出了三元阵三个阵元的调制信号,并指出这种射频目标仿真既适用于单站情况,也适用于双站情况。     

Mean energy of response to galactic cosmic ray spectrum: IMP 8 and Climax neutron monitor

Solar modulations of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) intensity contain a wealth of information about their transport in the heliosphere. To extract this information from the data one studies the dependence of the observed modulations on the mean energy of response of detectors providing data for the analyses. There is a great deal of confusion about the detector energy response to GCR spectrum in the literature. We present a preliminary report on the computations of the mean energy of response for the Climax neutron monitor (CL/NM) and IMP 8 cosmic ray nuclear composition instrument to GCR protons for 1973–1998, covering the solar cycles 21 and 22. We find that for penetrating proton channel on IMP 8 the mean energy changes by a factor of over two whereas for the neutron monitor the change is only 21%. However, the corresponding change for the computed modulation function is a factor of about 3.5.     

A calibration neutron monitor: Statistical accuracy and environmental sensitivity

This paper is a follow-on of that of Krüger et al. [Krüger, H., Moraal, H., Bieber, J.W., Clem, J.M., Evenson, P.A., Pyle, K.R., Duldig, M.L., Humble, J.E. A calibration neutron monitor: energy response and instrumental temperature sensitivity. J. Geophys. Res. 113, A08101, doi:10.1029/2008JA013229, 2008], that describes the characteristics of a pair of calibration neutron monitors that were developed to intercalibrate the count rates of the world’s neutron monitors against each other. Such an intercalibration will allow the calculation of energy (rigidity) spectra, which will enhance the quality of the neutron monitor data. Krüger et al. (2008) investigated the energy and temperature response of the calibrators. This paper studies the statistical accuracy of the calibration procedure, its repeatability, and the sensitivity to its environment. The paper concludes with a calibration procedure that can minimise the uncertainties caused by these five effects, or at least correct for them.