Combining MHD and kinetic modelling of solar flares

Solar flares are explosive events in the solar corona, representing fast conversion of magnetic energy into thermal and kinetic energy, and hence radiation, due to magnetic reconnection. Modelling is essential for understanding and predicting these events. However, self-consistent modelling is extremely difficult due to the vast spatial and temporal scale separation between processes involving thermal plasma (normally considered using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) approach) and non-thermal plasma (requiring a kinetic approach). In this mini-review we consider different approaches aimed at bridging the gap between fluid and kinetic modelling of solar flares. Two types of approaches are discussed: combined MHD/test-particle (MHDTP) models, which can be used for modelling the flaring corona with relatively small numbers of energetic particles, and hybrid fluid-kinetic methods, which can be used for modelling stronger events with higher numbers of energetic particles. Two specific examples are discussed in more detail: MHDTP models of magnetic reconnection and particle acceleration in kink-unstable twisted coronal loops, and a novel reduced-kinetic model of particle transport in converging magnetic fields.     

自然写生与工业设计

本文论述了自然界中生命存在的基本规律，进而指出这些基本规律对提高设计者的创造力，从而设计出更为实用的、完美的工业产品是非常重要的。     

基于UML自动化立体仓库管理系统的建模方法

本文结合实例讨论了运用UML的机制为复杂系统建模的方法。建立了自动化立体仓库管理系统的分析模型，并给出部分用倒图、类图以及交互图。简述UML技术与软件复用的关系。     

Hybrid modelling the Pioneer Venus Orbiter magnetic field observations

This study presents comparisons between the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO) magnetometer (OMAG) observations and the HYB-Venus hybrid simulation code. The comparisons are made near periapsides of four PVO orbits using the full resolution PVO/OMAG data. Also, the statistics of the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions at Venus are studied using the PVO interplanetary dataset. The statistics include the histograms and the probability density maps of the selected upstream parameters. The confidence intervals derived from the upstream statistics demonstrate the nominal simulation input parameter space. Moreover, the probability density maps give the dependencies between the upstream parameters. The comparisons between the simulation code and the data along the spacecraft trajectory show that the basic, large scale, trends seen in the magnetic field can be understood by the current simulation runs. The discrepancies between the simulation and the data were found to arise at low altitudes close to the planetary ionosphere in the region which cannot be resolved in detail by the grid size of the runs.     

柱塞泵热力学建模与仿真

针对航空行业广泛应用的柱塞泵的热力学特性,提出了一种分析和建模的方法.应用能量守恒定律推导并建立了集中参数的航空柱塞泵的热力学模型,并针对柱塞泵的内部结构进行了较详细的传热分析.将此建模和分析的方法应用于包含航空柱塞泵的一个典型液压回路.通过对航空柱塞泵的热力学实验与仿真结果的比较证明了建模方法的有效性.     

Wave disturbance influence on HF-propagation characteristics

This work studies the variations of HF characteristics and ionospheric parameters recorded over mid-latitude paths in the Russian East-Siberian region during magnetic storms on May 15, 1997, and September 24, 2006. The sharp wave-like changes in maximum observed frequencies (MOF) were recorded during the main phase of the investigated storms. Assuming that observed MOF variations can be produced by ionospheric disturbances propagating from the northern to the southern latitudes, a simulation of HF propagation conditions was carried out.     

COST 296 action results for space weather ionospheric monitoring and modelling

COST 296 Action refers to the project on Mitigation of Ionospheric Effects on Radio Systems (MIERS) in the framework of European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST), which is one of the longest-running European instruments supporting cooperation among scientists and researchers across Europe. The main objective of the MIERS project has been to develop an increased knowledge of the effects imposed by the ionosphere on practical radio systems, and for the development and implementation of techniques to mitigate the harmful effects of the ionosphere on such systems. This paper highlights COST 296 Action results that have been achieved during its lifetime period of February 2005–February 2009 with emphasis on space weather ionospheric monitoring and modelling.     

复合材料整体化结合界面失效模拟方法研究

复合材料结构界面失效分析有助于复合材料整体化结构细节设计,有必要进行界面失效问题分析.针对复合材料整体化结合界面进行有限元数值模拟失效分析方法研究,对承受不同载荷的结合界面选用不同的建模方法和失效模型.对于层压板失效,在Tsai-Hill判据基础上,增加破坏能判据;对于界面失效,提出基于应力、应变和破坏能的多级判据及其衰减方法.结果表明：本文方法建模简单、计算速度较快、计算结果与试验值吻合性好,可为复合材料整体化结构设计提供工程实用的分析方法.     

软件工程方法在飞行仿真系统开发中的应用

针对飞行仿真系统开发中存在的问题，通过对飞行系统模型及仿真系统的具体分析，引入软件工程方法，结合仿真软件系统的特点，在仿真系统开发模式，仿真软件设计方法，软件的质量管理方法三方面进行了研究，在面向对象模型的基础上，发展了一套完整的仿真系统开发模式，提出了仿真系统的对象建模方法，仿真系统的软件编码原则和质量管理方法。     

直升机模拟器鉴定标准的分析

重点介绍了美国AC 120-63直升机模拟器鉴定标准的演变过程.通过现行标准与过去直升机模拟器标准（草稿）的一些对比,阐述了现行直升机模拟器标准的一些特点及今后模拟器标准的发展趋势,并对所要求的标准、试验项目、等级划分、容差以及注意事项等方面的问题进行了对比和分析.所讨论的内容涉及直升机模拟器鉴定标准的各个方面,包括视景系统、运动系统、数据及其他要求,可为国内直升机模拟器的研制以及相应规范的制定提供参考.