湍流应力模式对计算有分离三维边界层的效果研究

为计算有分离三维边界层的特性，探索适用的应力模式，对无限展长的后掠翼（Ｘ＝３５°），选择了几种湍流应力模式进行计算，并对结果作了分析，所采用应力模式有代数模式，它包括常用的Ｃｅｂｅｃｉ－Ｓｍｉｔｈ（Ｃ－Ｓ）模式，Ｂａｌｄｗｉｎ－Ｌｏｍａｘ（Ｂ－Ｌ）模式、修正外区粘性系统的Ｃ－Ｓ模式修正形式以及北京航空航天大学近年研究的修正由压强梯度和湍能非平衡引起影响的模式，所采用的还有考虑壁面效应的低Ｒｅ数Ｋ－     

锯齿冠叶片瞬态热应力模拟试验

锯齿冠涡轮叶片在发动机起动过程中会产生较大的热应力。这种热应力与离心应力、气动应力合成的综合应力可能引起涡轮叶片的低循环疲劳失效。建立了瞬态温度场的热传导、热弹性相似关系 ,通过满足热相似条件的热模拟试验 ,分析了某型锯齿冠涡轮叶片在发动机起动过程的瞬态热应变和热应力 ,其结果为分析该型叶片的低循环疲劳失效原因提供了依据 ,同时讨论了叶冠结构因素对热应力的影响。     

中纬度观测的电离层F区经度效应及其模式计算

利用1956—1994年期间分别在长春和乌鲁木齐两观测站上观测的f0F2和f0F1月中值,定量分析了两站上观测的经度效应,讨论了产生两站上经度效应的可能物理机制,并与国际参考电离层模式的结果进行了比较．     

DUAL NUMBER TRANSFORMATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO ROBOT WITH REDUNDANCY

ＤＵＡＬＮＵＭＢＥＲＴＲＡＮＳＦＯＲＭＡＴＩＯＮＡＮＤＩＴＳＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＴＯＲＯＢＯＴＷＩＴＨＲＥＤＵＮＤＡＮＣＹＷａｎｇｈｕｉａｎ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＡｕｔｏｍａｔｉｃＣｏｎｔｒｏｌ．ＮＵＡＡ２９ＹｕｄａｏＳｔｒｅｅｔ，Ｎａｎｊｉｎ...     

A Space Debris Primer for Astronomers

In this journal, 'space debris' usually carries implications of aerospace activities, but it was not always thus. Humankind has been concerned with sky debris (often not knowing it was that) since eyes were turned skyward. Before space exploration began, astronomers specialized in comet tails, asteroids, meteorites, aurorae and zodiacal light. It was inevitable that they stay near the forefront of the new space technologies, even before Explorer I explained the aurorae. Now, the emphasis is on manmade debris, for the simple reason that an astronomical experiment proved that to be the preponderant component of the total debris environment. We present here a review survey of the total near-Earth debris complex, artificial and cosmic. Our goal is three-fold: (1) To detail to both astronomers and spaceflight specialists the long and heavy astronomical activity, (2) to give an overview of what has been and is being done, and (3) to suggest some possible directions for the future.     

基于AutoCAD几何建模的近场目标电磁散射计算技术

为了计算复杂目标的雷达散射截面（RCS），提出了一种基于AutoCAD几何建模的近场目标电磁散射计算技术，计算了单元体，组成体以及飞机的近场雷达散射截面，理论计算和实测结果较为吻合，为在微机上计算复杂目标近场RCS提供了一种理想的方法。     

基于ACIS几何造型平台的固体火箭发动机装药设计

以三维几何造型内核软件ACIS为平台,采用实体造型法进行装药设计,提出了偏移操作复杂燃面和分段控制燃面退移过程的方法,从而解决了装药燃面退移时商业软件无法克服的自相交和特征形体消失等问题。同时,总结了在该平台上进行装药设计的基本原则和方法,即消除几何尖锐点,确保几何形体间相对独立和间接构造复杂结构的装药等。另外,还提出了一个以图形系统为核心,综合装药药形设计、内弹道计算、结构完整性分析和报表输出功能的装药集成设计方案。最后,给出了一个星槽管形装药算例。     

失谐叶片轮盘的减缩建模及动力响应预测方法

为解决高保真失谐叶盘计算量大的问题,提出了一种新的减缩建模及动力响应预测方法。该方法对叶盘单扇区有限元模型进行圆周对称分析,获取谐调叶盘在局部坐标系下的基本模态特性。同时,运用主节点的概念,仅对少量节点进行模态分析,在大大降低矩阵维度的同时获取准确的失谐模态特性。在动力响应预测分析时,利用失谐固有频率点处响应的基本特性,仅选取危险频段内、危险叶片上的危险节点进行响应分析计算,既极大地提高了运算效率,又能够准确地获取叶盘最大受迫响应幅值。实例分析结果表明:相较于传统的有限元方法,该方法中模态分析的求逆过程矩阵维度从150万下降到384,计算所得的前50阶固有频率的精度保持在0.005%以内,最大响应计算过程运算量下降超过99%时,仅存在-0.35%的误差。     

Construction of lunar DEMs based on reflectance modelling

Existing lunar DEMs obtained based on laser altimetry or photogrammetric image analysis are characterised by high large-scale accuracies while their lateral resolution is strongly limited by noise or interpolation artifacts. In contrast, image-based photometric surface reconstruction approaches reveal small-scale surface detail but become inaccurate on large spatial scales. The framework proposed in this study therefore combines photometric image information of high lateral resolution and DEM data of comparably low lateral resolution in order to obtain DEMs of high lateral resolution which are also accurate on large spatial scales. Our first approach combines an extended photoclinometry scheme and a shape from shading based method. A novel variational surface reconstruction method further increases the lateral resolution of the DEM such that it reaches that of the underlying images. We employ the Hapke IMSA and AMSA reflectance models with two different formulations of the single-particle scattering function, such that the single-scattering albedo of the surface particles and optionally the asymmetry parameter of the single-particle scattering function can be estimated pixel-wise. As our DEM construction methods require co-registered images, an illumination-independent image registration scheme is developed. An evaluation of our framework based on synthetic image data yields an average elevation accuracy of the constructed DEMs of better than 20 m as long as the correct reflectance model is assumed. When comparing our DEMs to LOLA single track data, absolute elevation accuracies around 30 m are obtained for test regions that cover an elevation range of several thousands of metres. The proposed illumination-independent image registration method yields subpixel accuracy even in the presence of 3D perspective distortions. The pixel-wise reflectance parameters estimated simultaneously with the DEM reflect compositional contrasts between different surface units. Specifically, the detected variations of the parameter of the single-particle scattering function indicate small-scale variations of the regolith particle size, possibly as a result of differences in soil maturity.     

固体火箭发动机动力相似准则研究

本文以小发动机模拟大发动机为目标，探讨固体火箭发动机的动力相似准则，首先把动力相惟问题归结为燃烧室，喷管一体化流动的相似问题，通过对全三维Ｎ－Ｓ方程所进行的无量纲化分析，在几何相似的前提下，得到固体火箭发动机动力的流上似准则，再通过对控制方程的单值性条件所进行了无量纲化分析，得到了在初始状相似条件下的燃速相似准则；另外还得到了飞行条件相似、燃烧温度相似以及普朗特数相等。并进一步对这些准则进行了分析