基于液压自然爆膜的压力传感器动态标定方法

介绍了一个基于液压自然爆膜的压力传感器动态校准系统，研究了标定实验数据的处理方法，分析了该系统标定结果的重复性。试验结果表明该标定系统重复性好，可以满足0～30MPa，0～50kHz压力传感器动态标定的要求。     

模拟中性大气边界层中污染物传输与扩散的动力相似讨论

文章从湍流雷诺数相等出发,推导出风洞中模拟中性大气边界层动力相似准则一充分发展的湍流中,运动相似的流动动力也相似。文章还讨论了模拟烟流抬升和扩散的相似准则,概述了国内外一些主要实验室应用的近似模拟技术。     

Physical characterization of the deep-space debris WT1190F: A testbed for advanced SSA techniques

We report on extensive ${\mathit{BVR}}_c{I}_c$ photometry and low-resolution ($\lambda /\mathrm{\Delta }\lambda ～250$) spectroscopy of the deep-space debris WT1190F, which impacted Earth offshore from Sri Lanka, on 2015 November 13. In spite of its likely artificial origin (as a relic of some past lunar mission), the case offered important points of discussion for its suggestive connection with the envisaged scenario for a (potentially far more dangerous) natural impactor, like an asteroid or a comet.Our observations indicate for WT1190F an absolute magnitude $R_c={32.45}_{\pm 0.31}$, with a flat dependence of reflectance on the phase angle, such as ${\mathit{dR}}_c/d?～{0.007}_{\pm 2}$?mag?deg^?1. The detected short-timescale variability suggests that the body was likely spinning with a period twice the nominal figure of $P_{\mathrm{flash}}={1.4547}_{\pm 0.0005}\mathrm{s}$, as from the observed lightcurve. In the ${\mathit{BVR}}_c{I}_c$ color domain, WT1190F closely resembled the Planck deep-space probe. This match, together with a depressed reflectance around 4000 and 8500 Å may be suggestive of a “grey” (aluminized) surface texture.The spinning pattern remained in place also along the object fiery entry in the atmosphere, a feature that may have partly shielded the body along its fireball phase perhaps leading a large fraction of its mass to survive intact, now lying underwater along a tight ($～1\times 80$?km) strip of sea, at a depth of 1500?m or less.Under the assumption of Lambertian scatter, an inferred size of ${216}_{\pm 30}/\sqrt{\alpha /0.1}$?cm is obtained for WT1190F. By accounting for non-gravitational dynamical perturbations, the Area-to-Mass ratio of the body was in the range $(0.006?\mathit{AMR}?0.011)$?m²?kg^?1.Both these figures resulted compatible with the two prevailing candidates to WT1190F’s identity, namely the Athena II Trans-Lunar Injection Stage of the Lunar Prospector mission, and the ascent stage of the Apollo 10 lunar module, callsign “Snoopy”. Both candidates have been analyzed in some detail here through accurate 3D CAD design mockup modelling and BRDF reflectance rendering to derive the inherent photometric properties to be compared with the observations.     

Simulating planetary wave propagation to the upper atmosphere during stratospheric warming events at different mountain wave scenarios

Parameterization schemes of atmospheric normal modes (NMs) and orographic gravity waves (OGWs) have been implemented into the mechanistic Middle and Upper Atmosphere Model (MUAM) simulating atmospheric general circulation. Based on the 12-members ensemble of runs with the MUAM, a composite of the stratospheric warming (SW) has been constructed using the UK Met Office data as the lower boundary conditions. The simulation results show that OGW amplitudes increase at altitudes above 30 km in the Northern Hemisphere after the SW event. At altitudes of about 50 km, OGWs have largest amplitudes over North American and European mountain systems before and during the composite SW, and over Himalayas after the SW. Simulations demonstrate substantial (up to 50–70%) variations of amplitudes of stationary planetary waves (PWs) during and after the SW in the mesosphere-lower thermosphere of the Northern Hemisphere. Westward travelling NMs have amplitude maxima not only in the Northern, but also in the Southern Hemisphere, where these modes have waveguides in the middle and upper atmosphere. Simulated variations of PW and NM amplitudes correspond to changes in the mean zonal wind, EP-fluxes and wave refractive index at different phases of the composite SW events. Inclusion of the parameterization of OGW effects leads to decreases in amplitudes (up to 15%) of almost all SPWs before and after the SW event and their increase (up to 40–60%) after the SW in the stratosphere and mesosphere at middle and high northern latitudes. It is suggested that observed changes in NM amplitudes in the Southern Hemisphere during SW could be caused by divergence of increased southward EP-flux. This EP-flux increases due to OGW drag before SW and extends into the Southern Hemisphere.     

熔融沉积成型连续碳纤维增强尼龙蜂窝芯材的压缩特性

采用熔融沉积成型方法成形了连续碳纤维增强尼龙复合材料蜂窝芯材,并对不同测试方向的静态单轴压缩特性进行了表征分析,着重关注不同测试方向熔融沉积成形蜂窝芯材平面静态压缩破碎行为和能量吸收行为,并与纯聚合物基体进行对比。结果表明:X_1方向的压缩平台区域的力-位移曲线更加平滑稳定,且载荷值稍高于X_2方向,因此X_1方向更适用于能量吸收应用;此外,连续纤维的增强作用可使蜂窝芯材的平台载荷值得到明显提升。研究结果为连续纤维增强聚合物复合材料的空间增材制造提供理论基础。     

云制造环境下机床装备资源选择方法

针对云制造环境下机床装备资源具有数量大、异质异构、服务制约因素多等问题，提出了基于多准则决策的机床装备资源选择方法。首先，利用本体论对机床装备资源建模，将物理资源虚拟化封装，实现虚拟资源与物理资源的逻辑映射。进一步地，使用语言变量量化决策者评估信息，采用模糊决策与试验评价实验室（FDEMATEL）和熵值法（EW）相结合的组合赋权法，引入模糊VIKOR（FVIKOR）多属性决策方法对机床装备资源进行综合评估，建立FDEMATEL-EW-FVIKOR的多准则混合决策模型。最后，将该方法应用于某生产制造企业，实验对比决策结果验证了多准则混合决策模型的可行性和有效性。     

面向空间天线的TWF复合材料性能研究

利用碳纤维三向编织物（triaxial woven fabric，TWF）作为增强材料，与柔性基体材料硅橡胶复合，制成兼具一定柔性和刚性的复合材料壳膜结构，用于卫星天线反射器，是一种新型的高精度可展开天线实现方案。采用复合材料细观方法，对碳纤维增强硅橡胶TWF复合材料进行了力学性能的研究。首先由纤维和基体的材料特性得到均质纤维束的材料特性；接下来考虑纤维束交织情况（起伏波动）建立由纤维束组成的单胞实体有限元模型；然后对单胞实体有限元模型进行均匀化分析，施加周期性边界条件，最终得到等效的均质材料特性；为满足天线反射器高性能需求，分析了碳纤维种类、纤维体积分数对单胞等效性能的影响规律。对该材料力学性能的研究，可以为其未来应用于大型高精度可展开天线反射器提供一定的理论依据。     

Modeling irregular small bodies gravity field via extreme learning machines and Bayesian optimization

Close proximity operations around small bodies are extremely challenging due to their uncertain dynamical environment. Autonomous guidance and navigation around small bodies require fast and accurate modeling of the gravitational field for potential on-board computation. In this paper, we investigate a model-based, data-driven approach to compute and predict the gravitational acceleration around irregular small bodies. More specifically, we employ Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) theories to design, train and validate Single-Layer Feedforward Networks (SLFN) capable of learning the relationship between the spacecraft position and the gravitational acceleration. ELM-base neural networks are trained without iterative tuning therefore dramatically reducing the training time. Analysis of performance in constant density models for asteroid 25143 Itokawa and comet 67/P Churyumov-Gerasimenko show that ELM-based SLFN are able learn the desired functional relationship both globally and in selected localized areas near the surface. The latter results in a robust neural algorithm for on-board, real-time calculation of the gravity field needed for guidance and control in close-proximity operations near the asteroid surface.     

大跨时空任务背景下的太阳能无人机任务规划技术研究进展

通过任务规划技术合理的优化太阳能无人机的飞行轨迹和动力学参数，能够有效提高太阳能无人机的能量利用率，使其胜任许多大范围跨时间跨空间飞行任务。从能量建模、续航评估和能量管理策略3个方面对大跨时空任务背景下太阳能无人机任务规划技术的研究进展进行了综述。在能量建模方面，介绍了当前主流的太阳辐射模型和能量生产基本框架；在续航评估方面，分析了目前的指标设计和应用方法；在能量管理策略方面，从能量综合应用、风力滑翔机制、轨迹优化方法和面向特定任务的应用4个角度，梳理了当前的研究现状。最后，对该领域未来可能的研究方向进行了展望。     

基于 Kriging与多点取样算法的压气机特性建模

针对航空燃气轮机流量系数插值建模过程中,获取样本数据时的实验成本较高以及插值模型精度偏低这 2个问题,根据样本点在设计空间中的分布与模型精度的关系,在 Kriging插值模型的基础上,采用把垂距作为设计变量取值标准的取样算法。首先,将样本点与相邻 2点之间连线的垂距与垂距阈值进行比较,筛选出符合条件的数据点,形成候选点集;其次,选用高斯函数判定基础点集和候选点集的相关性;最后,使用该算法筛选后的样本点构建 Kriging插值模型。实验结果表明,该方法使用的样本点为原来数量的 70%左右,并且预测精度得到了提高,该方法是有效可行的。