浅析航天型号计量保证工作

计量保证工作是航天型号任务质量保障的基础,关系着型号任务的成败。主要介绍了航天型号任务中计量保证工作的现状和不足,结合航天型号任务的全流程工作,提出在型号任务各环节的计量保证工作建议。     

火星着陆探测任务关键环节技术途径分析

火星进入、下降与着陆技术(entry,descent and landing,EDL)是火星着陆探测最为关键的环节。火星与地球再入返回过程相比,由于火星大气成分、物理性质与地球大气存在较大差别,且具有较大不确定性,使火星EDL过程历经时间短、状态变化快,对减速性能要求高,时序紧张。从工程实现角度分阶段开展了任务分析,识别了火星EDL环节面临的问题和挑战,提出了关键环节技术途径选择。     

Planetary protection issues related to human missions to Mars

In accordance with the United Nations Outer Space Treaties [United Nations, Agreement Governing the Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies, UN doc A/RES/34/68, resolution 38/68 of December 1979], currently maintained and promulgated by the Committee on Space Research [COSPAR Planetary Protection Panel, Planetary Protection Policy accepted by the COSPAR Council and Bureau, 20 October 2002, amended 24 March 2005, http://www.cosparhq.org/scistr/PPPolicy.htm], missions exploring the Solar system must meet planetary protection requirements. Planetary protection aims to protect celestial bodies from terrestrial contamination and to protect the Earth environment from potential biological contamination carried by returned samples or space systems that have been in contact with an extraterrestrial environment. From an exobiology perspective, Mars is one of the major targets, and several missions are currently in operation, in transit, or scheduled for its exploration. Some of them include payloads dedicated to the detection of life or traces of life. The next step, over the coming years, will be to return samples from Mars to Earth, with a view to increasing our knowledge in preparation for the first manned mission that is likely to take place within the next few decades. Robotic missions to Mars shall meet planetary protection specifications, currently well documented, and planetary protection programs are implemented in a very reliable manner given that experience in the field spans some 40 years. With regards to sample return missions, a set of stringent requirements has been approved by COSPAR [COSPAR Planetary Protection Panel, Planetary Protection Policy accepted by the COSPAR Council and Bureau, 20 October 2002, amended 24 March 2005, http://www.cosparhq.org/scistr/PPPolicy.htm], and technical challenges must now be overcome in order to preserve the Earth’s biosphere from any eventual contamination risk. In addition to the human dimension of the mission, sending astronauts to Mars will entail meeting all these constraints. Astronauts present huge sources of contamination for Mars and are also potential carriers of biohazardous material on their return to Earth. If they were to have the misfortune of being contaminated, they themselves would become a biohazard, and, as a consequence, in addition to the technical constraints, human and ethical considerations must also be taken into account.     

热试验中红外热像仪低温测量能力分析及试验验证

文章分析了红外热像仪在航天器热试验中对低温目标的测温能力不足问题,采用红外干扰消减以及分段辐射定标/分段线性函数拟合的方式,初步解决了红外热像仪在真空低温环境下对低温目标的测量受限的问题。文章的研究结果有助于改进红外热像仪在真空低温环境下的非接触温度测量工作。     

多航天器协同探测效能影响参数不确定性分析

为解决传统基于蒙特卡洛仿真的探测效能不确定性分析评价方法中时间效率低,参数关系映射单一的问题,提出一种基于神经网络的不确定性分析方法,利用人工神经网络在拟合回归分析上的非线性特性,设计了能够替代复杂系统的神经网络结构,能够通过少量仿真计算结果作为训练样本实现模型的收敛并能有效反映被替代系统的原有特性。选择以一个多航天器的天文观测任务作为典型用例,建立了仿真分析模型,并与蒙特卡洛仿真方法结果进行了对比,验证了此方法的准确性和计算效率。     

论航天器环境工程在航天产品验证中的作用

论述了航天器环境工程对航天产品验证工作的重要性,介绍了国外的实践与有关标准,着重介绍了美军标 MIL-STD-1540D 中对航天产品的验证要求.     

关于CCSDS音频、视频及静态图像通信业务建议的初步研究

音频、视频及静态图像通信 (简称 A/ V/ SI)是空间任务 (包括无人的及载人的航天任务 )中的重要业务。对 CCSDS关于 A/ V/ SI通信业务建议进行了分析研究 ,指出 CCSDS建议的音频、视频及静态图像的质量标准、编码方法和编码参数等与 ITU - T的有关建议是相互兼容的 ,对CCSDS的 A/ V/ SI通信建议在空间任务中的应用提出了初步看法     

长征四号乙／丙运载火箭多星发射技术现状与展望

介绍了长征四号乙／丙（CZ-4B／4C）运载火箭的多星发射技术。给出了整流罩Ф900mm的一箭双星、一箭三星的发射统计与串联发射构型、正在研制的更大包络的双星发射构型,以及并联发射构型。介绍了CZ-4B／4C运载火箭后续多星发射和搭载发射的构型、连接解锁装置和分离程序。     

星球巡视器任务规划技术发展综述

首先阐述了星球巡视器任务规划的定义、内容和特点,并分别从任务规划算法、全局路径规划算法、局部路径规划算法三个层面对国内外星球巡视器任务规划技术的研究现状进行了分析和评述。在任务规划层面,当前研究主要集中在基于资源调度的方法和基于路径的方法;在全局路径规划层面,介绍了路径图法、单元分解法等几何模型构建算法以及A*类算法等图搜索算法;在局部路径规划层面,介绍了人工势场法、Bug类算法、启发式动态重规划算法、基于地形评估的算法等几类常用算法。最后,对星球巡视器任务规划技术的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

国外多模式霍尔电推进发展概况及启示

多模式霍尔电推进具有多个工作模式,调节能力强,相对于20世纪80年代以来广泛应用的只有一个工作模式的霍尔电推进器,其优势明显,能很好地适应诸如GEO卫星轨道转移和在轨位置保持,以及深空探测器和空间运输平台的主推进等多种任务,因此得到了广泛研究和应用.国外多模式霍尔电推进发展现状和趋势对我国多模式霍尔电推进的发展具有重要的启示作用.针对我国航天器对电推进的迫切任务需求,定量分析应用多模式霍尔电推进的收益,提出我国多模式霍尔电推进发展的建议.