“伽利略”卫星在轨任务控制系统高级规范综述

重点描述了＂伽利略＂卫星在轨任务控制系统高级规范的相关内容,其中包括系统规范和子系统规范,如系统监测和控制子系统、遥测监测子系统、遥控指令子系统和数据归档子系统等;就如何借鉴＂伽利略＂卫星在轨任务控制系统高级规范,提出了一些开展我国星座卫星在轨任务控制系统设计的策略和方法,如设计方法、实现途径、自动化和安全策略等。     

实际工程中混合模型的任务可靠性分配方法

随着可靠性工程在航空产业中的逐步开展,适合于实际工程中的可靠性分配方法变得日益重要,尤其对于实际工程中混合模型的任务可靠性指标分配来说,因其对应的可靠性模型一般为串、并联等混合的复杂模型,可靠性指标分配相当困难。本文将实际工程中常见的比例组合法和专家评分分配法有效地结合起来,为实际工程中混合模型的任务可靠性分配提供了一种简便易行的方法。     

多指标约束下考虑报废的可修复备件携行方案优化

针对任务期间普遍存在的故障件报废和备件多指标约束问题,提出了多层级装备的可用度近似评估方法及携行备件方案优化方法。首先通过忽略维修时间将考虑报废率的多层级可修件转化为单层级消耗件,进而利用伽马分布的可加性建立装备可用度评估模型。在此基础上以装备可用度、备件总质量为约束指标,以备件总体积最低为目标构建多约束备件优化模型。模型求解过程中引入拉格朗日因子,并采用边际算法对约束因子进行动态调整。算例中通过与仿真结果的对比、分析得出：当维修时间取值在部件等效平均寿命的一半以内时,提出的近似方法合理可行,平均误差小于5%。     

技术成熟度评价方法及其在交会对接任务中的应用

介绍了技术成熟度等级和评价的概念,简述了技术成熟度评价在国外航天工程中的应用情况,提出了航天工程技术成熟度评价标准,包括开展技术成熟度评价的目的、技术成熟度的详细定义及其内涵,并以技术成熟度等级五级为例,给出了具有可操作性的评价细则以及实施要点,通过交会对接任务中运载火箭评价应用实例对技术成熟度评价的应用进行了说明。     

Preparation of the Biochip experiment on the EXPOSE-R2 mission outside the International Space Station

Biochips might be suited for planetary exploration. Indeed, they present great potential for the search for biomarkers – molecules that are the sign of past or present life in space – thanks to their size (miniaturized devices) and sensitivity. Their detection principle is based on the recognition of a target molecule by affinity receptors fixed on a solid surface. Consequently, one of the main concerns when developing such a system is the behavior of the biological receptors in a space environment. In this paper, we describe the preparation of an experiment planned to be part of the EXPOSE-R2 mission, which will be conducted on the EXPOSE-R facility, outside the International Space Station (ISS), in order to study the resistance of biochip models to space constraints (especially cosmic radiation and thermal cycling). This experiment overcomes the limits of ground tests which do not reproduce exactly the space parameters. Indeed, contrary to ground experiments where constraints are applied individually and in a limited time, the biochip models on the ISS will be exposed to cumulated constraints during several months. Finally, this ISS experiment is a necessary step towards planetary exploration as it will help assessing whether a biochip can be used for future exploration missions.     

Comparative assessment of human–Mars-mission technologies and architectures

We compare a variety of mission scenarios to assess the strengths and weaknesses of options for Mars exploration. The mission design space is modeled along two dimensions: trajectory architectures and propulsion system technologies. We examine direct, semi-direct, stop-over, semi-cycler, and cycler architectures, and we include electric propulsion, nuclear thermal rockets, methane and oxygen production on Mars, Mars water excavation, aerocapture, and reusable propulsion systems in our technology assessment. The mission sensitivity to crew size, vehicle masses, and crew travel time is also examined. Many different combinations of technologies and architectures are applied to the same Mars mission to determine which combinations provide the greatest potential reduction in the injected mass to LEO. We approximate the technology readiness level of a mission to rank development risk, but omit development cost and time calculations in our assessment. It is found that Earth–Mars semi-cyclers and cyclers require the least injected mass to LEO of any architecture and that the discovery of accessible water on Mars has the most dramatic effect on the evolution of Mars exploration.     

3D STUDIO在飞机机动飞行科目中的应用研究

简述了采用３ＤＳＴＵＤＩＯ软件后，给飞机机动飞行科目试飞结果分析带来的重要变化。并从实际应用的角度论述了３ＤＳＴＵＤＩＯ辅助提高飞机设计完善性的原因；展望了将３ＤＳＴＵＤＩＯ软件，应用于辅助完善飞机设计的前景。     

Bayesian approach to retrieval of vertical ozone profile from radiometry data

A technique for retrieving vertical distributions (profiles) of atmospheric gas constituents from data of passive remote sensing of the atmosphere is proposed. The goal of the technique based on the statistical (Bayesian) approach to solution of inverse problems is construction of probability distribution for a sought quantity throughout the interval of the studied heights. It is assumed that initial data contain measurement noise, and a priori information about properties of the profile is used. It is proposed to approximate the sought profile by a function in the form of an artificial neural network. This approximation allows optimal inclusion of a priori information into retrieval procedure, thus ensuring the most effective regularization of the problem. Efficiency of the proposed technique is demonstrated on an example of retrieval of vertical ozone profile from data of ground-based sounding of the atmosphere in the millimeter wavelength range. Results of profile retrieval from model data and from spectra of radiation temperature of the atmosphere measured in the Apatity (67° N, 33° E) in the winter of 2002–2003 are presented.     

A possible flyby anomaly for Juno at Jupiter

In the last decades there have been an increasing interest in improving the accuracy of spacecraft navigation and trajectory data. In the course of this plan some anomalies have been found that cannot, in principle, be explained in the context of the most accurate orbital models including all known effects from classical dynamics and general relativity. Of particular interest for its puzzling nature, and the lack of any accepted explanation for the moment, is the flyby anomaly discovered in some spacecraft flybys of the Earth over the course of twenty years. This anomaly manifest itself as the impossibility of matching the pre and post-encounter Doppler tracking and ranging data within a single orbit but, on the contrary, a difference of a few mm/s in the asymptotic velocities is required to perform the fitting.Nevertheless, no dedicated missions have been carried out to elucidate the origin of this phenomenon with the objective either of revising our understanding of gravity or to improve the accuracy of spacecraft Doppler tracking by revealing a conventional origin.With the occasion of the Juno mission arrival at Jupiter and the close flybys of this planet, that are currently been performed, we have developed an orbital model suited to the time window close to the perijove. This model shows that an anomalous acceleration of a few mm/s² is also present in this case. The chance for overlooked conventional or possible unconventional explanations is discussed.