载人小行星探测的任务特点与实施途径探讨

介绍了载人小行星探测的发展现状,对目前美国基于"猎户座"飞船的载人小行星探测的概要方案进行了描述,包括探测器系统组成、运载火箭和飞行方案等内容。从速度增量、目标星引力等方面,分析了载人小行星探测的任务特点,并与载人火星探测、载人月球探测以及无人小行星探测的任务特点进行了比较。给出了载人小行星探测的实施途径建议,包括目标星选择、载人飞船系统设计等。讨论了其所涉及的推进、星际飞行安全保障、小行星表面行走等关键技术。研究结果可为我国开展载人深空探测提供参考。     

卫星巡天扫描运控模式方法的研究

巡天扫描是天文卫星进行天体观测的基础，但是使用传统方法很难实现全天球覆盖，并且会遇到能源输出瓶颈。因此，针对天文卫星巡天扫描所遇到的问题，提出了使用Pareto遗传算法对卫星飞行任务进行智能规划的方法。该算法引入小生境方法来保证群体多样性，并使用基于排序的适应度分配方法来克服早熟收敛。该算法智能规划飞行任务，与仅依靠被动的分段式扫描方法相比，在扫描全天球的基础上，很好解决了能源输出的问题，还大大缩短了巡天扫描的时间。从仿真结果来看，该模型是十分有效的。     

弹道导弹动态全极化一维像仿真研究

研究了弹道导弹动态全极化一维像的仿真方法,可以为雷达目标检测、识别算法的研究提供基础。对弹道导弹的弹道和运动特性进行了建模,通过对弹头缩比模型静态测量数据进行插值,可以获得任意时刻、任意姿态下弹头的全极化一维距离像;比较了典型宽带雷达体制的信号形式,推导了它们之间的仿真参数转换关系。在计算机上进行了仿真实验,对仿真结果的分析表明本文提出的仿真方法是切实可行的。     

载人登月飞行方案研究

根据载人登月任务有无地球轨道和月球轨道交会对接,将登月途径分为地球轨道交会-月球轨道交会、地球轨道交会-直接返回、地球轨道不交会-月球轨道交会,以及地球轨道不交会-月球轨道不交会四类,并对各自可能的演变登月方式进行了分析。对载人登月的质量规模及运载火箭需求进行了分析,讨论并比较了一次发射、基于环月轨道交会组装和基于近地轨道交会组装方案的时间窗口和登月方案,并给出了建议。研究可为我国载人登月任务方案选取提供参考。     

Bottom side profiles for two close stations at the southern crest of the EIA: Differences and comparison with IRI-2012 and NeQuick2 for low and high solar activity

Bottom side electron density profiles for two stations at the southern crest of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA), São José dos Campos (23.1°S, 314.5°E, dip latitude 19.8°S; Brazil) and Tucumán (26.9°S, 294.6°E, dip latitude 14.0°S; Argentina), located at similar latitude and separated by only 20° in longitude, have been compared during equinoctial, winter and summer months under low (year 2008, minimum of the solar cycle 23/24) and high solar activity (years 2013–2014, maximum of the solar cycle 24) conditions. An analysis of parameters describing the bottom side part of the electron density profile, namely the peak electron density NmF2, the height hmF2 at which it is reached, the thickness parameter B₀ and the shape parameter B₁, is carried out. Further, a comparison of bottom side profiles and F-layer parameters with the corresponding outputs of IRI-2012 and NeQuick2 models is also reported. The variations of NmF2 at both stations reveal the absence of semi-annual anomaly for low solar activity (LSA), evidencing the anomalous activity of the last solar minimum, while those related to hmF2 show an uplift of the ionosphere for high solar activity (HSA). As expected, the EIA is particularly visible at both stations during equinox for HSA, when its strength is at maximum in the South American sector. Despite the similar latitude of the two stations upon the southern crest of the EIA, the anomaly effect is more pronounced at Tucumán than at São José dos Campos. The differences encountered between these very close stations suggest that in this sector relevant longitudinal-dependent variations could occur, with the longitudinal gradient of the Equatorial Electrojet that plays a key role to explain such differences together with the 5.8° separation in dip latitude between the two ionosondes. Furthermore at Tucumán, the daily peak value of NmF2 around 21:00 LT during equinox for HSA is in temporal coincidence with an impulsive enhancement of hmF2, showing a kind of “elastic rebound” under the action of the EIA. IRI-2012 and NeQuick2 bottom side profiles show significant deviations from ionosonde observations. In particular, both models provide a clear underestimation of the EIA strength at both stations, with more pronounced differences for Tucumán. Large discrepancies are obtained for the parameter hmF2 for HSA during daytime at São José dos Campos, where clear underestimations made by both models are observed. The shape parameter B₀ is quite well described by the IRI-2012 model, with very good agreement in particular during equinox for both stations for both LSA and HSA. On the contrary, the two models show poor agreements with ionosonde data concerning the shape parameter B₁.     

月球背面探测任务多目标协同控制模式设计

月球背面探测需要中继卫星提供中继通信支持,实现地面测控网对月面探测器的控制。为解决月球背面探测任务过程中和环月探测卫星等多个航天器目标的相互控制及其与地面测控网之间的复杂协同控制问题,提出了协同控制关联目标描述方法,明确了控制目标和上行路由的概念和确定原则、上行路由测控网资源分配原则,设计了基于时间窗口的中继测控资源分配方法、多目标协同控制的标称计划模式、遥操作规划模式和上行控制模式。经过"嫦娥4号"天地大回路无线联试和"鹊桥"中继卫星在轨飞行证明,设计是合理可行的。     

Statistical study of energetic electrons in Jupiter’s inner magnetosphere by Juno/JEDI

The Juno spacecraft made the first in-situ observations of energetic particles in the polar region of Jupiter’s magnetosphere. After Jupiter Orbit Insertion (JOI) in July 2016, data from ~20 Juno perijoves (PJs) obtained by Juno/JEDI are accumulated, providing an excellent opportunity to study the long term spatio-temporal distribution of energetic particles in Jupiter’s radiation belt. We transform Juno’s position from a Cartesian to a magnetic coordinate system by tracing magnetic field lines based on a fourth order Runge-Kutta method. Then the fluxes of energetic electrons from PJ1 to PJ14 sorted by different locations in magnetic coordinate space and the data are well organized by the L-shell parameter. The variation of electron flux increases with L-shell. The deviation (the ratio of the 75th percentile to the 25th percentile) of 0.51 MeV electron flux varies from a factor of 1.23 near L = 9.5 to 27.57 near L = 15.5. However, the mean flux decreases by about one order of magnitude in the same region. The electron spectra at larger L-shells are softer than that at smaller L-shells. On the other hand, the electron flux decreases more rapidly with increased L-shell when the location is off the equator. Along an L-shell, the electron flux decrease at first and then increase again from equator to mid-latitude region. In addition, we compare the statistical results with the widely used GIRE2 model. JEDI data correspond well with the GIRE2 model when the L-shell is > 14.75. GIRE2 underestimate the electron flux for L-shell smaller than 13.25. These results of this analysis are applicable to estimate the effects of the radiation environment in Jupiter’s magnetosphere.     

结合FMECA可靠性预计法

任何元器件的故障是以一定的故障模式表现出来的。当一个元器件以不同的故障模式发生故障时,设备产生的后果是不同的。结合FMECA(故障模式、影响及危害度分析)深入分析了故障模式的影响及其危害度,以提高可靠性预计的精度。 建立了结合FMECA可靠性预计模型。可预计产品的任务可靠度和致命故障间隔的任务时间。为便于推广,编制了相应的计算机程序并进行了实例运算。还对结合FMECA可靠性预计法和常规可靠性预计法进行了比较。     

空中加油问题的最优化研究

通过对空中加油在作战使用中的问题进行分析,针对受油机往返各加１次油的情况,给出了空中加油的数学模型,并采用跗算法对问题进行了优化计算,实际计算表明,所建模型具有良好的适应性,能够适合不同的作战环境和不同作战要求,采用跗优化算法研究空中加油问题,优化效率高、具有全局性,并易于计算机实现,所得的加油方案是合理的。     

基于自适应粒子群算法的航天测控系统任务可靠性分配

采用测控时序图描述任务时序逻辑关系,建立了各阶段的任务可靠性模型,讨论了可靠性分配时的约束条件和分配目标,从而构建了航天测控系统任务可靠性分配模型.在此基础上,设计了自适应粒子群算法,算法在迭代过程中通过惯性权重系数ω进行自适应调整,初始时能快速搜索全局解,后期能有效地搜索局部解.通过算例仿真,表明自适应粒子群算法在用于航天测控系统任务可靠性分配问题时具有分配结果优、收敛速度快等优点.