A neutral gas mass spectrometer to measure the chemical composition of the stratosphere

The Polar Balloon Atmospheric Composition Experiment (P-BACE) is a new generation of neutral gas mass spectrometer based on the time-of-flight principle. P-BACE is the scientific experiment on the Mars Environment Analog Platform (MEAP) flown successfully on a balloon mission in summer 2008. The MEAP mission was flown with a 334,000 m³ helium balloon in the stratosphere on a semicircular trajectory from northern Sweden around the North Pole to Canada using the summer northern hemispheric wind current. The atmospheric conditions at an atmospheric altitude of 35–40 km are remarkably similar to those on the surface of Mars and thus the balloon mission was an ideal testbed for our mass spectrometer P-BACE. Originally this instrument was designed for in situ measurements of the chemical composition of the Martian atmosphere.P-BACE has a unique mass range from 0 to 1000 amu/q with a mass resolution m/Δm (FWHM) > 1000, and the dynamic range is at least six orders of magnitude. During this experiment, the acquisition of one mass spectrum is a sum of 65,535 single spectra, recorded in a time frame of 66 s.The balloon mission lasted 5 days and had successfully demonstrated the functionality of the P-BACE instrument during flight conditions. We had recorded more than 4500 mass spectra. With little modifications, P-BACE can be used on a planetary mission for Mars, but for example also for Venus or Mercury, if placed on a satellite.     

Optimization of beamforming and path planning for UAV-assisted wireless relay networks

Recently, unmanned aerial vehicles （UAVs） acting as relay platforms have attracted considerable attention due to the advantages of extending coverage and improving connectivity for long-range communications. Specifically, in the scenario where the access point （AP） is mobile, a UAV needs to find an efficient path to guarantee the connectivity of the relay link. Motivated by this fact, this paper proposes an optimal design for beamforming （BF） and UAV path planning. First of all, we study a dual-hop amplify-and-forward （AF） wireless relay network, in which a UAV is used as relay between a mobile AP and a fixed base station （BS）. In the network, both of the AP and the BS are equipped with multiple antennas, whereas the UAV has a single antenna. Then, we obtain the output signal~to-noise ratio （SNR） of the dual-hop relay network. Based on the criterion of maximizing the output SNR, we develop an optimal design to obtain the solution of the optimal BF weight vector and the UAV heading angle. Next, we derive the closed-form outage probability （OP） expression to investigate the performance of the dual-hop relay network conveniently. Finally, computer simulations show that the proposed approach can obtain nearly optimal flying path and OP performance, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, we find that increasing the antenna number at the BS or the maximal heading angle can significantly improve the performance of the considered relay network.     

一种基于混合规则的作业车间计划调度方法

针对多品种小批量生产车间计划调度存在的复杂度高、实用性差等问题,在分析车间计划调度相关的任务、资源和约束等要素的基础上,提出了一种基于混合规则的计划调度编制算法,该算法综合考虑了零件差异性、工艺差异性、设备差异性、以及交货期约束等因素,使得该方法具有可行性高、实用性强等特点,较好地满足了离散制造车间的实际需求.     

A sample collector for robotic sample return missions III: Impact survivability studies

Laboratory impact tests have been performed on experimental versions of a proposed robotic sample collector for extraterrestrial samples. The collector consists of a retractable aluminum ring containing an impregnable silicone compound that is pressed into the surface of the body to be sampled. As part of a comprehensive program to evaluate this idea, we have performed tests to determine if the samples embedded in the collector medium can survive the impact forces experienced during direct reentry, such as that of the recent Genesis sample return mission. For the present study, samples of sand, rock, glass, and chalk were subjected to decelerations of 1440–2880 g using drop tests. We found that even the most fragile samples, chosen to be representative of a wide range of the types of materials found on the surface of asteroids that have currently been studied, can withstand impacts of the intensity experienced by a sample return capsule during direct reentry.     

复合铣整体叶盘通道加工工艺规划分析

首先对开式整体叶盘通道几何特征进行分析,在宽度和深度上对通道加工空间进行计算,从轴向和径向进行切削加工性分析;通过偏置面求解及其延伸面求解,进而确定可加工区域;在对比分析各种铣削方法基础上,优选复合铣削数控刀具,明确通道复合铣加工方法以及流程,为后续开式整体叶盘通道加工工艺优化打下基础。     

基于任务科目的直升机飞行品质评定试飞技术研究

主要对ADS-33E中飞行品质评定的要求进行分析,从任务科目、响应类型和可用感示环境3个维度进行飞行品质的等级评定研究,提出了直升机飞行品质综合评定的试飞技术研究思路,并对某型号直升机的试飞结果和有关问题进行了初步分析。     

天基激光移除空间碎片仿真平台研究与开发

为了从空间碎片和天基移除系统两方面分析激光驱动碎片变轨过程,优化移除任务规划和策略,基于真实的可观测空间碎片数据,设计并开发了一套天基激光移除空间碎片三维数值仿真平台。首先从总体设计出发,对三维数值仿真平台的需求分析、总体框架、模块功能进行了明确的描述。其次通过对激光驱动空间碎片变轨过程数学模型的分析,确定了各模块的具体实现方法。最后采用C++/Qt开发了三维数值仿真平台,通过仿真验证了设计平台的有效性。该仿真平台可用于不同天基平台和目标碎片的任务规划、碎片分布热点区域和航天器防护区域的方案设计及空间环境治理体系的优化设计。     

航天器时态规划技术研究进展

结合航天器自主运行的迫切需求,阐述了航天器任务规划问题给智能规划技术带来的挑战,并重点分析了具有时间属性的规划方法研究必要性。给出航天器时态规划定义,分别总结了状态空间时态规划建模方法和基于时间线的时态规划建模方法,并给出时态规划知识模型关键元素定义。根据规划方法发展现状,归纳总结前向链、模型转换、规划空间规划和分层任务网络四种方法在时态规划技术方面的特点和研究进展,着重描述各种方法对规划中时间要素的处理。在对目前的航天器时态规划技术发展趋势总结分析基础上,给出了未来航天器时态规划技术的发展建议。     

A multi-aircraft conflict detection and resolution method for 4-dimensional trajectory-based operation

Conflict Detection and Resolution(CDR) is the key to ensure aviation safety based on Trajectory Prediction(TP). Uncertainties that affect aircraft motions cause difficulty in an accurate prediction of the trajectory, especially in the context of four-dimensional(4D) Trajectory-Based Operation(4DTBO), which brings the uncertainty of pilot intent. This study draws on the idea of time geography, and turns the research focus of CDR from TP to an analysis of the aircraft reachable space constrained by 4D waypoint constraints. The concepts of space–time reachability of aircraft and space–time potential conflict space are proposed. A novel pre-CDR scheme for multiple aircraft is established. A key advantage of the scheme is that the uncertainty of pilot intent is accounted for via a Space-Time Prism(STP) for aircraft. Conflict detection is performed by verifying whether the STPs of aircraft intersect or not, and conflict resolution is performed by planning a conflict-free space–time trajectory avoiding intersection. Numerical examples are presented to validate the efficiency of the proposed scheme.     

结合跳点引导的无人机随机搜索避撞决策方法

针对无人机在城市空域环境和密集交通流下的避撞决策问题，提出马尔科夫决策过程（MDP）和蒙特卡洛树搜索（MCTS）算法对该问题进行建模求解。蒙特卡洛树搜索算法在求解过程中为保证实时性而使其搜索深度受限，容易陷入局部最优，导致在含有静态障碍的场景中无法实现避撞的同时保证全局航迹最优。因此结合跳点搜索算法在全局规划上的优势，建立离散路径点引导无人机并改进奖励函数来权衡飞行路线，在进行动态避撞的同时实现对静态障碍的全局避撞。经过多个实验场景仿真，其结果表明改进后的算法均能在不同场景中获得更好的性能表现。特别是在凹形限飞区空域仿真模型中，改进后的算法相对于原始的蒙特卡洛树搜索算法，其冲突概率降低了36%并且飞行时间缩短47.8%。