军用教练机任务可靠性预计方法研究

 完成任务成功概率(MCSP)是军用飞机的一项重要的可靠性指标,在可靠性设计中必须反复进行预计。飞机整机的任务可靠性预计国内尚未有先例。本文从工程实践中总结了一套预计军用教练机MCSP及系统的任务可靠度的方法,比较全面地论述了任务可靠性框图的特点,并提出了一个计算军用教练机MCSP的实用数学模型。     

UCAV任务规划系统的研究进展及发展趋势

分析了无人作战飞机任务规划系统的特点，按照规划范围和时段对无人作战飞机任务规划系统进行分层研究，讨论和分析了各个层次的作用及发展现状。最后，展望了无人作战飞机任务规划系统的发展趋势。     

用于飞机概念设计的设计要求输入和初步定参数环境

为了在飞机概念设计过程中给新型号的设计要求组织和基本参数估算提供便捷且可扩展的工具而开发了设计要求与初步定参数环境(EDRIPS)。在这一环境中，设计可以通过友好的用户界面交互地输入飞机的性能要求、构造任务剖面和选取有效载荷，然后以此为基础从约束分析所得的可行域中选取设计点，进而利用一种改进的估算飞机起飞重量的方法进行任务分析以得到飞机的基本设计参数。介绍了各模块的实现措施和所采用的方法。最后通过对一个设计实例的分析验证了EDRIPS应用于飞机概念设计的有效性和可靠性。     

A novel compilation method of comprehensive mission spectrum of aero-engine maneuvering load based on use-related mission segment

Comprehensive Mission Spectrum (CMS) of an aero-engine can reflect the usage characteristics of the engine. It can provide load input for engine life prediction and accelerated mission test. In this paper, a novel compilation method of CMS of aero-engine maneuvering load based on mission segment is proposed. Firstly, the use-related Typical Mission Segment (TMS) of maneuvering load is divided and identified according to spectral characteristics. Secondly, the mathematical model of different kinds of TMS are established based on stochastic process theory. Finally, the CMS of maneuvering load is compiled based on TMS. The proposed method can accurately quantify the compilation of CMS. The compiled CMS shows good agreement with the original load spectrum. According to damage consistency inspection, the compiled CMS is consistent with the damage caused by the original load spectrum in terms of low cycle fatigue.     

Reducing mission operations costs through spacecraft autonomy: the near earth asteroid rendezvous (near) experience

With a maximum time of 12 days out of ground contact and a round-trip light time as high as 56 minutes, The Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft requires a moderate degree of onboard autonomy to react to faults and safe the spacecraft. Beyond the basic safing requirements, additional functions are carried out onboard. For example, on-board calculation of the Sun, Earth, asteroid, and spacecraft positions allow the spacecraft to autonomously orient itself for science and downlink operations. On-board autonomous momentum management during cruise relieves Mission Operations from planning, scheduling, and carrying out many manual momentum dumps. During development, additional operations, such as center-of-mass management during propulsive maneuvers and optical navigation were also considered for onboard autonomy on the NEAR spacecraft, but were not selected. The allocation of functions to onboard software or to ground operations involved tradeoffs such as development time for onboard software versus ground software, resource management, life cycle costs, and spacecraft safety.After two years of cruise operations, considerable experience with the NEAR autonomy system has accrued. The utility of some autonomous capabilities is greater than expected, others less so. Software uploads increased spacecraft autonomy in some cases, and the impact on Mission Operations can be assessed. Allocation of functions between spacecraft autonomy and ground operation during development of future missions can be improved by applying the lessons learned from the NEAR experience.     

航空动力装置任务可靠度模糊预计与分配的综合

根据Vague集的直觉性，定义一种判定Vague值真值的函数，进而给出一种确定Fuzzy隶属度的方法。将此方法应用于模糊综合评判理论，得到一种在设计初期根据专家意见，预计航空动力装置任务可靠度的模糊决策方法。根据预计值和比例组合分配法的思想，先按任务可靠度模型的等效串联模型进行任务可靠度指标的分配，然后再对等效串联模型中冗余部分的指标进行分配。     

Manned missions to Mars: Minimizing risks of failure

Some major risks-of-failure issues for the future manned missions to Mars are discussed, with an objective to address criteria for making such missions possible, successful, safe and cost-effective. The following astronautical and instrumentation-and-equipment-reliability related aspects of the missions are considered: redundancies and backup strategies; costs; assessed probability of failure as a suitable reliability criterion for the instrumentation (equipment); probabilistic assessment of the likelihood of the mission success and safety. It is concluded that parametric risk modeling is a must for a risk-driven decision-making process.     

Manned exploration and exploitation of solar system: Passive and active shielding for protecting astronauts from ionizing radiation—A short overview

In deep space manned missions for the exploration and exploitation of celestial bodies of Solar System astronauts are not shielded by the terrestrial magnetic field and must be protected against the action of Solar Cosmic Rays (SCRs) and Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCRs). SCRs are sporadically emitted, and in very rare but possible events, their fluence can be so high to be lethal to a unprotected crew. Their relatively low energy allows us to conceive fully passive shields, also if active systems can somewhat reduce the needed mass penalty. GCRs continuously flow without intensity peaks, and are dangerous to the health and operability of the crew in long duration (>1year) missions. Their very high energy excludes the possible use of passive systems, so that recourse must be made to electromagnetic fields for preventing ionizing particles to reach the habitat where astronauts spend most of their living and working time. A short overview is presented of the many ideas developed in last decades of last century; ideas are mainly based on very intense electrostatic shields, flowing plasma bubbles, or enormous superconducting coil systems for producing high magnetic fields. In the first decade of this century the problem began to be afforded in more realistic scenarios, taking into account the present and foreseeable possibilities of launchers (payload mass, diameter and length of the shroud of the rocket, etc.) and of assembling and/or inflating structures in space. Driving parameters are the volume of the habitat to be protected and the level of mitigation of the radiation dose to be guaranteed to the crew. Superconducting magnet systems based on multi-solenoid complexes or on one huge magnetic torus surrounding the habitat are being evaluated for defining the needed parameters: masses, mechanical structures for supporting the huge magnetic forces, needed equipments and safety systems. Technological tests are in preparation or planned for improving density of the current, lightness and stability, to increase working temperature of superconducting cables, and for finding light supporting structures and suitable safety architectures, delineating a possible development program for affording this difficult problem.     

无人作战飞机任务系统设计关键技术

介绍无人作战飞机的发展对现代空战的影响,元人作战飞机的作战使命、操控方式,重点描述无人作战飞机任务系统设计的关键技术,强调开展无人作战飞机任务系统研究的必要性。     

Achievements of Space Scientific Experiments Aboard SJ-8 Satellite

As scientific experiment payloads, microgravity experiments of fluid physics, life science,combustion science, physics and accelerator measurement were conducted on board the Chinese recoverable satellite SJ-8 during 18-day orbital flight. The experimental payloads and an experiment support system constituted the microgravity experiment system of the flight mission. This article has presented the briefs of the scientific achievements of these space experiments, the composition and performance of the Microgravity Experimental System (MES) and the general picture of the overall flight mission, respectively.