A 3D hybrid grid generation technique and a multigrid/parallel algorithm based on anisotropic agglomeration approach

A hybrid grid generation technique and a multigrid/parallel algorithm are presented in this paper for turbulence flow simulations over three-dimensional (3D) complex geometries. The hybrid grid generation technique is based on an agglomeration method of anisotropic tetrahedrons. Firstly, the complex computational domain is covered by pure tetrahedral grids, in which anisotropic tetrahedrons are adopted to discrete the boundary layer and isotropic tetrahedrons in the outer field. Then, the anisotropic tetrahedrons in the boundary layer are agglomerated to generate prismatic grids. The agglomeration method can improve the grid quality in boundary layer and reduce the grid quantity to enhance the numerical accuracy and efficiency. In order to accelerate the convergence history, a multigrid/parallel algorithm is developed also based on anisotropic agglomeration approach. The numerical results demonstrate the excellent accelerating capability of this multigrid method.     

一种基于可重构片上互连的多核处理器架构

面向宇航应用,基于可重构片上互连,本文提出了一种新型的多核处理器架构。该架构在锁步技术的基础上进行了改进,利用可重构片上互连使得锁步技术引入的冗余核可以分时复用,以充分发挥多核性能。基于该架构的处理器软件编程,需对任务进行关键等级划分,使得非关键任务可以线程级并行执行,关键任务锁步执行,满足宇航应用对高可靠和高性能的需求。本文给出了该架构基于第五代精简指令集(RISC-V)的一种实现,并进行验证。结果表明:该架构实现了多核处理器在多核锁步和多核并行两种状态之间切换,分别获得高可靠或高性能的特性。     

Numerical and experimental study of twin-fluid two-phase internal-mixing atomizer to develop maximum entropy method

This paper presents an analytical, numerical, and experimental study on atomization characteristics and droplet distribution of a twin-fluid two-phase internal mixing atomizer to develop a Maximum Entropy Method (MEM). A two-phase Eulerian-Lagrangian method is utilized for atomization modeling of the inside and outside atomizer. In order to modify energy and momentum sources in the MEM, parametric studies are performed, and experimental tests are carried out to verify the results by applying the shadowgraph method. An advanced test stand is developed to prepare a wide range of changes in atomization characteristics and mixing ratios. A high degree of consistency is found between numerical results from the developed MEM and experimental tests with different gas-phase pressures and liquid flow rates. The droplet diameter and velocity distribution are reviewed based on various Weber numbers, sources of energy, and momentum. Turbulence modeling assists to estimate the breakup length and time scale precisely in the developed MEM, and distribution ranges with mean values are achieved. With reference to a strong correlation between upstream turbulence flow and the developed MEM verified by experimental tests, an ideal droplet size and velocity distribution prediction is observed.     

Ionospheric disturbances under low solar activity conditions

The paper is focused on ionospheric response to occasional magnetic disturbances above selected ionospheric stations located at middle latitudes of the Northern and Southern Hemisphere under extremely low solar activity conditions of 2007–2009. We analyzed changes in the F2 layer critical frequency foF2 and the F2 layer peak height hmF2 against 27-days running mean obtained for different longitudinal sectors of both hemispheres for the initial, main and recovery phases of selected magnetic disturbances. Our analysis showed that the effects on the middle latitude ionosphere of weak-to-moderate CIR-related magnetic storms, which mostly occur around solar minimum period, could be comparable with the effects of strong magnetic storms. In general, both positive and negative deviations of foF2 and hmF2 have been observed independent on season and location. However positive effects on foF2 prevailed and were more significant. Observations of stormy ionosphere also showed large departures from the climatology within storm recovery phase, which are comparable with those usually observed during the storm main phase. The IRI STORM model gave no reliable corrections of foF2 for analyzed events.     

From geometry to CFD grids—An automated approach for conceptual design

The CEASIOM software developed in the EU-funded collaborative research project SimSAC generates stability and control data for preliminary aircraft design using different methods of varying fidelity. In order to obtain the aerodynamic derivatives by CFD, the aircraft geometry must be defined, computational meshes generated, and numerical parameters set for the flow solvers. An approach to automation of the process is discussed, involving geometry generation and mesh generation for inviscid as well as RANS flow models.     

高超声速激波/边界层干扰流动数值模拟研究

在基于Roe格式的全Navier-Stokes方程计算流体力学(CFD)代码中,发展了一种局部熵修正方法,克服了传统熵修正方法在边界层流动模拟中耗散过大的缺点,可用于更加准确的模拟激波/边界层干扰的复杂高超声速流动。对典型高超声速双锥边界层分离与激波干扰的复杂流动进行了模拟,研究了网格密度和熵修正方法耗散性对计算结果的影响。研究表明:高超声速双锥边界层分离与激波干扰流动的数值模拟结果对网格具有很强的敏感性,过稀的网格将产生严重的分离流动预测偏差;低耗散性的局部熵修正方法能更加准确地模拟复杂的高超声速激波与边界层分离流动干扰现象。     

Stagnation temperature effect on the supersonic axisymmetric minimum length nozzle design with application for air

When the stagnation temperature of a perfect gas increases, the specific heats and their ratio do not remain constant any more and start to vary with this temperature. The gas remains perfect; its state equation remains always valid, except, it is named in more by calorically imperfect gas. The aim of this work is to trace the profiles of the supersonic axisymmetric minimum length nozzle to have a uniform and parallel flow at the exit section, when the stagnation temperature is taken into account, lower than the dissociation threshold of the molecules, and to have for each exit Mach number and stagnation temperature shape of nozzle. The method of characteristics is used with the algorithm of the second order finite differences method. The form of the nozzle has a point of deflection and an initial angle of expansion. The comparison is made with the calorically perfect gas.     

基于小波熵的救生伞高速空投最大开伞动载不确定性

针对高速空投试验最大开伞动载测量值离散性大的问题，采用小波熵对试验数据和仿真数据进行对比分析。假人姿态差异大是导致试验测量值重复性差的直接原因，而从空投开始到拉直开伞时刻假人姿态的不确定性是问题的主要来源。试验数据和仿真结果得到的小波熵随空投速度和空投系统质量的变化趋势相同，并且与空投系统的物理本质相符；在考察救生伞开伞动载的试验研究中，仅考虑最大开伞动载的测量值，而忽略系统不确定性是不合理的，因此建议对拉直之前的假人姿态加以控制。     

An efficient large-scale mesh deformation method based on MPI/OpenMP hybrid parallel radial basis function interpolation

An efficient MPI/OpenMP hybrid parallel Radial Basis Function (RBF) strategy for both continuous and discontinuous large-scale mesh deformation is proposed to reduce the computational cost and memory consumption. Unlike the conventional parallel methods in which all processors use the same surface displacement and implement the same operation, the present method employs different surface points sets and influence radius for each volume point movement, accompanied with efficient geometry searching strategy. The deformed surface points, also called Control Points (CPs), are stored in each processor. The displacement of spatial points is interpolated by using only 20–50 nearest control points, and the local influence radius is set to 5–20 times the maximum displacement of control points. To shorten the searching time for the nearest control point clouds, an Alternating Digital Tree (ADT) algorithm for 3D complex geometry is designed based on an iterative bisection technique. Besides, an MPI/OpenMP hybrid parallel approach is developed to reduce the memory cost in each High-Performance Computing (HPC) node for large-scale applications. Three 3D cases, including the ONERA-M6 wing and a commercial transport airplane standard model with up to 2.5 billion hybrid elements, are used to test the present mesh deformation method. The robustness and high parallel efficiency are demonstrated by a wing deflection case with a maximum bending angle of 45° and more than 80% parallel efficiency with 1024 MPI processors. In addition, the availability for both continuous and discontinuous surface deformation is verified by interpolating the projecting displacement with opposite directions surface points to the spatial points.     

新型最小系统

本针对MSC－51单片机应用中的新情况，介绍了一种新型，实用的最小系统。