星载低复杂度Turbo译码器的实现技术研究

针对航天测控通信系统中微弱信号处理的实际应用需求,研究了Turbo译码算法在星载平台上的低复杂度实现技术。基于折线近似的Log_MAP算法,提出了一种新的基于FPGA的译码器实现方案,一方面简化了迭代译码过程中分支度量的计算存储方法,有效减少了存储容量及算法复杂度;另一方面采用半并行化及流水的数据处理方式,提高了译码处理速度。利用CCSDS标准建议的交织器和生成矩阵进行了仿真和实测,结果表明相较于其它结构,采用本文设计方案实现的Turbo译码器在Slice资源没有增加的条件下存储复杂度降低了29.6%,且在输出误码率<10 -6 时编码增益达到了9.9dB,保持了良好的译码性能。本文译码器已成功应用于某航天型号工程。     

Inverse free steering law for small satellite attitude control and power tracking with VSCMGs

Recent developments in integrated power and attitude control systems (IPACSs) for small satellite, has opened a new dimension to more complex and demanding space missions. This paper presents a new inverse free steering approach for integrated power and attitude control systems using variable-speed single gimbal control moment gyroscope. The proposed inverse free steering law computes the VSCMG steering commands (gimbal rates and wheel accelerations) such that error signal (difference in command and output) in feedback loop is driven to zero. H_∞ norm optimization approach is employed to synthesize the static matrix elements of steering law for a static state of VSCMG. Later these matrix elements are suitably made dynamic in order for the adaptation. In order to improve the performance of proposed steering law while passing through a singular state of CMG cluster (no torque output), the matrix element of steering law is suitably modified. Therefore, this steering law is capable of escaping internal singularities and using the full momentum capacity of CMG cluster. Finally, two numerical examples for a satellite in a low earth orbit are simulated to test the proposed steering law.     

Severe disruption of the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules in a human macrophageal cell line in microgravity—Results of an in vitro experiment on board of the Shenzhou-8 space mission

During spaceflight the immune system is one of the most affected systems of the human body. During the SIMBOX (Science in Microgravity Box) mission on Shenzhou-8, we investigated microgravity-associated long-term alterations in macrophageal cells, the most important effector cells of the immune system. We analyzed the effect of long-term microgravity on the cytoskeleton and immunologically relevant surface molecules. Human U937 cells were differentiated into a macrophageal phenotype and exposed to microgravity or 1g on a reference centrifuge on-orbit for 5 days. After on-orbit fixation, the samples were analyzed with immunocytochemical staining and confocal microscopy after landing. The unmanned Shenzhou-8 spacecraft was launched on board a Long March 2F (CZ-2F) rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) and landed after a 17-day-mission. We found a severely disturbed actin cytoskeleton, disorganized tubulin and distinctly reduced expression of CD18, CD36 and MHC-II after the 5 days in microgravity. The disturbed cytoskeleton, the loss of surface receptors for bacteria recognition, the activation of T lymphocytes, the loss of an important scavenger receptor and of antigen-presenting molecules could represent a dysfunctional macrophage phenotype. This phenotype in microgravity would be not capable of migrating or recognizing and attacking pathogens, and it would no longer activate the specific immune system, which could be investigated in functional assays. Obviously, the results have to be interpreted with caution as the model system has some limitations and due to numerous technical and biological restrictions (e.g. 23 °C and no CO₂ supply during in-flight incubation). All parameter were carefully pre-tested on ground. Therefore, the experiment could be adapted to the experimental conditions available on Shenzhou-8.     

载荷—火箭分离导向机构参数设计及动力学分析

针对载荷—火箭分离中易碰撞以及载荷部姿态的问题,以多体系统动力学理论为基础,在ADAMS中建立了针对一种新型分离导向机构的载荷—火箭分离虚拟样机模型,分别就分离导向机构支柱刚度、高度、滚轮与载荷部之间预载对分离结果的影响进行了计算分析。结果表明：刚度与高度的取值越大,分离过程中的分离最小间隙就越大,越有利于火箭与载荷部的成功分离;预载主要影响载荷部的姿态。基于此结果,设计了一套分离导向机构的匹配参数,并结合姿态控制律,利用ADAMS与Simulink软件包进行联合仿真,校验了这套设计参数可以保证火箭与载荷部的正常分离,姿控系统可以纠正载荷部的姿态偏差。本文采用的研究方法以及所获得的结论对采用该形式分离导向装置的载荷—火箭分离问题具有普适性。     

类HTV-2横侧向稳定性研究

针对HTV-2类飞行器存在的横侧向稳定性差的问题,通过风洞试验、模态分析和参数敏感性分析方法研究了类HTV-2飞行器的横侧向稳定性。研究结果表明：与偏航方向相比,滚转静、动稳定性都更弱,表现为：攻角小于10°滚转方向是静不稳定的;在滚转动态试验中,振动曲线随时间不是呈现收敛趋势,而是出现明显非线性多频谱周期性特征。通过在模型前体布置顺气流纵向绊线促使流动对称转捩的方法,增加了滚转曲线的线性和横侧向稳定性。横侧向模态和参数敏感性分析表明,滚转模态随时间缓慢发散,系统对偏航静稳定性等参数比较敏感。     

GNSS接收机矢量跟踪算法研究综述

GNSS接收机信号跟踪的实质是对卫星信号的扩频码延迟和载波频率偏移进行连续估计的过程。从信号跟踪的基本原理出发,综述了矢量跟踪算法的基本思想和研究历程,分析了算法中系统建模、模型参数确定和滤波器设计等关键环节,总结比较了算法的最新衍变形式,包括极大似然估计矢量跟踪环和联合矢量位置跟踪环的模型、特点和优势,通过仿真验证了矢量跟踪相比标量跟踪具有失锁重捕快、跟踪误差小和稳定性好的优点,最后总结了矢量跟踪技术的应用并展望了其未来发展方向。     

空间机械臂关节精细动力学模型的建立及关节力矩控制

针对空间机械臂辅助对接任务中的复杂关节力矩控制问题,建立了含间隙、非线性刚度及啮合阻尼的多级行星齿轮传动复杂关节精细动力学模型,该模型不仅考虑了齿轮啮合刚度,而且考虑了齿轮轴的扭转刚度。提出了一种基于关节动态扭转变形的关节力矩测量方法,并以此建立关节力矩控制系统,利用Runge\|Kutta算法对关节精细动力学模型进行了数值计算。计算结果表明,此关节力矩控制方法约有1.7%的稳态误差,能满足关节力矩控制的需要;基于关节动态扭转变形的关节力矩测量方法有效地解决了提高关节力矩测量精度与保持传感器刚度之间的矛盾。     

空间合作目标运动再现的相似设计方法研究

以相似理论为基础设计一种绝对运动等效代换方案以在地面试验中实现空间合作目标绝对运动与相对运动同时再现。首先应用量纲分析法给出空间合作目标轨道姿态动力学问题地面试验的相似准则;然后,提出绝对运动等效代换方法,并以此为基础建立运动再现地面试验模拟器的轨道姿态动力学方程;最后以航天器交会对接最终逼近段地面验证试验为例给出地面试验系统验证方案的具体实施步骤,并通过仿真算例说明所提方法的有效性。     

侵彻制导武器终端多约束最优制导律

针对侵彻型制导武器终端多约束制导问题,建立包含一阶弹体动力学的多约束制导模型,采用最优控制方法推导终端多约束制导问题的通解。根据终端约束与罚函数的关系,求解了实际工程中关心的3种最优制导律,并结合当前主流制导控制体制,在小角假设下,将其表述为便于工程实现的形式,即包含弹体动力学的最优比例导引制导律、弹道成型最优制导律和终端多约束最优制导律。理论分析和典型末制导条件仿真表明,后2种制导律可为侵彻制导武器终端位置与角度双约束以及位置、角度与加速度多约束制导问题提供理论基础和工程应用参考。     

考虑状态约束的二体旋转库仑卫星系统重构控制

研究考虑控制输入饱和与状态约束的深空旋转二体库仑卫星构型控制问题,只采用卫星之间的库仑力作为控制力,提出一种基于反步法的非线性控制方法。首先推导了二体库仑卫星在地-月系平动点附近的相对运动方程,利用旋转二体库仑卫星的特性,对方程进行了简化。为了完成禁止相对运动区域的回避,设计了新的状态限制辅助函数,结合抗饱和方法与反步法得到了二体库仑卫星的构型控制器。接着证明了由于状态限制辅助函数的加入,所设计的控制器可以保证卫星相对运动不超出限制范围。进一步应用Lyapunov稳定性定理证明了其闭环系统的一致最终有界性。最后在Matlab/Simulink平台上进行了仿真校验,结果表明了方法的有效性。