纺织结构复合材料的细观力学分析

纺织结构复合材料细观力学分析中的若干基本问题是单层几何特性的描述，单元体细观结构的模型、应力应变假设以及强度分析等。对前人在前三个问题上已进行的研究工作作出扼要的回顾，并介绍其当前的技术发展动态，针对这些研究工作中存在的不足之处和未来的发展，提出几点意见。     

Phase-field Modeling of the Influence of Elastic Field on the Nucleation and Microstructure Evolution in Precipitation

A phase-field method was employed to study the influence of elastic field on the nucleation and microstructure evolution. Two kinds of nucleation process were considered:one using fixed nucleation probability and the other calculated from the classical nucleation theory. In the latter case, the simulated results show that the anisotropic elastic strain field yields significant effects on the behavior of nucleation. With a large lattice misfit between the matrixes and the precipitates, the nucleation process does not appear fully random but displays some spatial correlation and has a preference for the elastic soft direction. However, with a small lattice misfit, this bias does not look quite clear. On the contrary, in the case of fixed nucleation probability, the elastic field has no influence on the nucleation proc- ess. The lattice mismatch also exerts influences on the microstructure morphology: with lattice mismatch becoming larger, the micro- structure proves to align along the elastic soft direction.     

声波激振破坏的机理及条件研究

从微观层面而言,物体在声波激励共振中发生了失效破坏,显然是因为出现了破坏物质微观粒子之间结合力的因素。在大气中运动传播的声波进入物质体后转换为应力波,这种应力波(能量)的传导、扩散和聚集交合方式会对物质微观粒子结合薄弱之处的结合力产生影响。这是因为当声波作为外激励源能量作用于物质粒子并大到一定程度时,特别是在两个纵波对撞或在变向结构交汇处出现回波激振效应时,会使粒子间出现异常的能量变化,从而破坏了粒子间相对稳定的平衡状态。如果物体中的粒子大量失衡,就会对物体产生整体结构性破坏作用,使物体结构强度下降、出现裂纹,甚至完全失效。     

航班起飞和着陆的微观仿真模型研究

起飞和着陆过程的微观仿真是提高跑道运行仿真逼真度的关键技术之一。详细分析了起降过程仿真各阶段的运动特征,提出了基于运动方程和气动模型的计算机仿真模型。通过仿真实验说明该模型能正确表现航班起飞和着陆的微观运动过程,准确反映特征运动及其发生时刻。该模型在容量评估、跑道运行管理和塔台管制仿真中具有广泛的应用前景。     

纤维增强复合材料宏观与细观统一的细观力学模型

研究了复合材料宏观、细观特征之间的联系,将宏观复合材料体中的1点赋予了细观结构特征。基于细观结构周期性假设,建立了1种细观力学模型,用模型中高阶多项式函数模拟基体和增强相中的细观位移场;通过对细观单元力学方程的分析与求解,建立了复合材料宏观、细观力学变量之间的联系。该细观力学模型,不仅能用于复合材料宏观有效性能的预测及细观应力、应变场的分析,而且能够很容易地融入常规有限元法中,实现对复合材料结构的宏观、细观一体化分析。以该细观力学模型为基础的计算结果与部分文献中的试验结果及理论计算值具有较好的一致性。     

Microscopic Phase-field Simulation of Effects of Re-ageing Temperature on Precipitation of Ni-Al-Cr Alloys

This article, by means of the ternary microscopic phase-field model, investigates the effects of re-ageing temperature on the precipitation of Ni₇₅Al₁₀Cr₁₅ alloy with the help of atomic pictures, order parameters, particle density, averaged radii, and volume fractions. During pre-ageing at 873 K, DO₂₂ phases first appear through spinodal decomposition mechanism, and then L1₂ phases begin to form on the DO₂₂ phase-boundaries through non-classical nucleation mechanism. In either of them, ordering process is obviously faster than atom clustering. At the late stage of re-ageing at 923 K, the elastic strain energy seems to exert stronger effects on microstructure, and DO₂₂ and L1₂ phases exhibit directional alignment along <100> direction to a certain extent. When the temperature increases to 1 023 K, the influence of elastic strain energy begins to weaken, and the precipitated phases become randomly distributed in the matrix. The volume fraction of DO₂₂ phase decreases to zero, whereas that of L1₂ phase first increases and then decreases with the temperature rising from 923 K to 1 123 K. On the whole, the effects of elastic strain energy make the coarsening behavior of both phases deviate from the time-law predictions by LSW diffusion-controlled growth theory.     

树脂传递模塑(RTM)工艺树脂微观流动行为数值分析

根据树脂在纤维预制体内部的流动特点,在Darcy定律基础上建立了RTM工艺树脂微观浸润过程数学模型,并对浸润过程进行了数值模拟。借助无量纲分析,研究了RTM工艺微观浸润过程的影响因素。结果表明,随着浸润过程的进行,纤维束内压力逐渐降低;降低树脂粘度和纤维含量,能够提高纤维预制体的浸润速度。浸润过程实验证实了RTM工艺数值模拟的有效性。     

复合材料修理结构的缺陷特征与超声信号

研究了热补仪修理复合材料层压板结构的缺陷特征。金相显微分析结果表明,当修补层数为2层时,样品没有任何缺陷产生;当修补层数增加到4层时,修补层内出现气孔缺陷;当修补层数增加到6层时,除了修补层内出现大量气孔缺陷以外,胶膜层也出现气孔,导致弱粘接/脱粘缺陷的产生。超声检测的结果与金相显微分析一致,很好地再现了上述缺陷。     

GaAs太阳电池空间质子辐射损伤的分子动力学研究

GaAs太阳电池在空间辐射条件下的性能衰减与电池内部微观结构紧密相关。文章针对空间辐射带质子辐照GaAs材料,利用分子动力学方法研究由被辐射材料中产生的不同能量(0.1~10 ke V)初级离位原子(PKA)引起的级联碰撞过程,分析缺陷随辐照时间、入射PKA能量的演化规律,探讨点缺陷和缺陷簇的形成特征。研究发现,在GaAs材料的缺陷对数目随时间的演化曲线中,在"离位峰"和稳定状态时,缺陷对数目与PKA能量呈一定的线性关系;PKA能量越高,辐射损伤越严重、越不易恢复,但缺陷复合率随能量升高趋于饱和;点缺陷在GaAs中主要以缺陷簇的方式存在,且随着能量的升高,孤立缺陷倾向于缔合成缺陷簇。