Emergence of a Habitable Planet

We address the first several hundred million years of Earth’s history. The Moon-forming impact left Earth enveloped in a hot silicate atmosphere that cooled and condensed over ∼1,000 yrs. As it cooled the Earth degassed its volatiles into the atmosphere. It took another ∼2 Myrs for the magma ocean to freeze at the surface. The cooling rate was determined by atmospheric thermal blanketing. Tidal heating by the new Moon was a major energy source to the magma ocean. After the mantle solidified geothermal heat became climatologically insignificant, which allowed the steam atmosphere to condense, and left behind a ∼100 bar, ∼500 K CO₂ atmosphere. Thereafter cooling was governed by how quickly CO₂ was removed from the atmosphere. If subduction were efficient this could have taken as little as 10 million years. In this case the faint young Sun suggests that a lifeless Earth should have been cold and its oceans white with ice. But if carbonate subduction were inefficient the CO₂ would have mostly stayed in the atmosphere, which would have kept the surface near ∼500 K for many tens of millions of years. Hydrous minerals are harder to subduct than carbonates and there is a good chance that the Hadean mantle was dry. Hadean heat flow was locally high enough to ensure that any ice cover would have been thin (<5 m) in places. Moreover hundreds or thousands of asteroid impacts would have been big enough to melt the ice triggering brief impact summers. We suggest that plate tectonics as it works now was inadequate to handle typical Hadean heat flows of 0.2–0.5 W/m². In its place we hypothesize a convecting mantle capped by a ∼100 km deep basaltic mush that was relatively permeable to heat flow. Recycling and distillation of hydrous basalts produced granitic rocks very early, which is consistent with preserved >4 Ga detrital zircons. If carbonates in oceanic crust subducted as quickly as they formed, Earth could have been habitable as early as 10–20 Myrs after the Moon-forming impact.     

Phase coherence of MHD waves in the solar wind

Large amplitude MHD waves are commonly found in the solar wind. Nonlinear interactions between the MHD waves are likely to produce finite correlation among the wave phases. For discussions of various transport processes of energetic particles, it is fundamentally important to determine whether the wave phases are randomly distributed (as assumed in quasi-linear theories) or they have a finite coherence. Using a method based on a surrogate data technique and a fractal analysis, we analyzed Geotail magnetic field data (provided by S. Kokubun and T. Nagai through DARTS at the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science) to evaluate the phase coherence among the MHD waves in the earth's foreshock region. The correlation of wave phases does exist, indicating that the nonlinear interactions between the waves is in progress. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

网络环境下高校图书馆如何加强馆藏资源建设

根据网络环境给高校图书馆献信息资源建设工作带来的挑战，从印刷型纸质献建设、电子献资源建设、网络信息资源建设、信息资源的共享共建等方面论述了高校图书馆如何加强信息资源建设。     

死亡是生命的必然归宿

本文根据物质系统演化的规律，平衡原理及熵理论，阐述了死亡是生命系统演化的必然归宿。     

型号设计中的安全性设计分析

通过对“长征三号”运载火箭的一些安全性设计实例帕的分析来建立安全性设计的概念，论述安全性设计在型号设计中的重要作用和地位。分析认为，安全性设计应以总体、系统设计师为主，并从设计初期抓起。     

卫星定位导航系统中各因素对D-R定位算法精度的影响

D- R定位算法在理论上可以用于定位。在实际工作中 ,用户的定位精度是进行定位时首先需要考虑的问题。文中主要讨论 D- R算法本身固有的定位误差。首先根据 D- R算法的定位公式推导出算法的精度误差因子。然后根据卫星定位导航系统的工作过程 ,确定了影响用户定位精度误差因子的因素并对这些因素对精度误差因子的影响进行了计算机仿真。仿真结果证明 D- R定位算法在一定条件下可以满足用户对定位精度的要求 ,用户精度误差因子可与现有的 GPS系统相当。     

低轨道带可变翼的平板型极高真空分子屏

本文计算了在低轨道自由飞行的平板型分子屏（ＷａｋｅＳｈｉｅｌｄＦａｃｉｌｉｔｙ）加了可变翼后，分子屏后实验区的压力分布。计算中考虑了分子屏和翼材料出气对实验区压力的影响。本文并对加可变翼和不加可变翼、考虑出气和不考虑出气几种情形进行了计算和比较。我们的结果表明：给轨道分子屏加上可变翼后，其实验区的压力可比不加可变翼降低一个数量级以上，压力达１０－１３Ｐａ。本文的研究表明，这种给轨道分子屏加可变翼的模型对更好的利用分子屏环境是非常有利的。     

层合复合材料的损伤刚度分析

渐近均匀化方法是一种便于同时求解复合材料细观与宏观性能的有效方法。本文在均匀化方法的基础上，通过层合结构的均匀化基元，建立相应有有限元方法，对层合板进行损伤刚度分析。与其它方法和实验结果的比较显示其具有良好的精度和直观方便的优点。最后应用上述方法对固体发动机壳体材料ＡＰＭＯＣ纤维复合材料的损伤刚度性能进行了分析。     

Net110网吧安全审计管理系统的设计与实施

信息时代对公安管理系统提出了新的挑战，Net110网吧安全审计管理系统充分利用互联网络的技术特点，通过公安监察部门的电脑系统集中，统一和高效地管理在城区分散的网吧。本文着重阐述了系统设计的基本原理，并以南昌市公安局为例，介绍了从需求分析、系统设计到系统实施的建设全过程。