铜/镍箔中间层对铝/钢激光焊接接头组织与力学性能的影响

研究以Ni、Ni/Cu箔片为中间层的铝/钢异种金属激光焊接行为,系统考察Cu/Ni箔片复合中间层的添加对铝/钢异种激光焊接接头组织与性能的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对焊缝横截面的组织形貌和各区域的元素分布进行观察分析,利用X射线衍射仪对焊接接头的主要物相进行分析,并利用电子万能试验机对焊接接头进行拉伸实验以表征其力学性能,结果表明:Cu/Ni箔片做复合中间层加入时,其中加入0.02 mm厚Cu箔片时焊接接头的最大剪切力提高至1754.72 N;加入0.05 mm厚Cu箔片时的最大剪切力为734.97 N,相比只添加Ni箔片时焊接接头的最大剪切力反而下降。Cu箔片的添加使得铝/钢界面的物相组成、元素分布和微观组织形态发生改变,同时增加了熔池的流动性。在靠近不锈钢侧的Fe-Al脆性相中的部分Fe原子被Cu原子取代生成新的二元韧性相,从而抑制Fe-Al二元脆性金属间化合物的生成,有效改善铝/钢的焊接性。因此,Cu/Ni箔片复合中间层的加入,可以有效地改善铝/钢异种激光焊接过程中的冶金反应,进而提高焊接接头的力学性能。     

Effects of tooth bending damage on the leakage performance and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals

Tooth bending damage resulting from an intense impact by the rotor sometimes occurs in the transient operation. To investigate the influence of after-damage clearance and tooth bending length on the leakage performance and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals, three tooth bending damages were taken into consideration, including the unbent tooth damage (abbreviated as Unbent), the partial tooth bending damage (abbreviated as Pbent) and the complete tooth bending damage (abbreviated as Cbent). The transient CFD solution was utilized to calculate the leakage flow rates and rotordynamic coefficients of labyrinth seals with clearances of 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 mm for three tooth bending damages. The obtained result shows that the Unbent tooth damage leaks least while the Pbent tooth bending damage leaks most, and an increase of 6.1% for Cbent tooth bending damage and an increase of 19.4% for Pbent tooth bending damage are discovered at the tooth clearance of 0.6 mm in comparison with the Unbent tooth damage. Compared to the Unbent tooth damage, the effective damping for Pbent tooth bending damage and Cbent tooth bending damage is lower and drops by 9.7%–33.6% and 8.5%–22.6% respectively at the tooth clearance of 0.6 mm, suggesting that Pbent tooth bending damage or Cbent tooth bending damage tends to weaken the seal stability when compared to the Unbent tooth damage.     

有无蜂窝的直通斜齿流动特性旋转实验研究

为了研究蜂窝对直通斜齿流动特性的影响,在光滑衬套和蜂窝衬套条件下的高速旋转篦齿实验台上,分别测量了工作间隙和流动特性随转速0～8700r/min和压比1.1～1.5的变化规律。实验结果表明:随着转速的增加,泄漏量下降了约50%,流量系数下降了约25%,风阻温升达到40K;随着压比的增加,泄漏量和流量系数也相应增加;蜂窝衬套相对于光滑衬套,流量下降了约20%,流量系数下降了约10%,风阻温升差异微小。蜂窝可以使篦齿流量及流量系数降低,提升封严性能,对风阻温升影响很小。     

表面粗糙度对航空液压作动器密封性能的影响

航空液压作动器普遍应用在飞机机翼、舱门、起落架等部位,往复密封为其典型密封形式,密封失效会 严重影响飞机任务的执行和飞行安全。密封副表面粗糙度是重要的工程可控参数且对于密封性能的影响很 大,因此分析表面粗糙度对作动器密封性能的影响具有重要的理论和实际意义。建立适用于往复组合密封的 确定性混合润滑数值仿真模型,并与有限元分析方法结合计算膜厚值,分析密封圈表面粗糙的幅值和波长变化 以及运动速度和液压油黏度变化对密封圈润滑性能和密封性能的影响。结果表明:正弦粗糙表面的幅值和波 长增大,会引起油膜压力和油膜厚度波动的幅值增大,但会减小摩擦系数;正弦粗糙表面的幅值增大,有利于减 小密封间隙的最小膜厚和泄漏量,但是波长变化的影响作用不大;液压油黏度和活塞运动速度增大,有利于增 大密封间隙油膜厚度,但会增大泄漏量和摩擦系数。     

浮环密封泄漏特性数值计算与试验

为了研究不同压差、温度和转速下浮环密封的泄漏特性,建立了CFD数值计算模型,计算分析了某型航空发动机浮环密封泄漏特性。针对转速引起的泄漏量变化,提出了通过有限元方法计算不同转速下密封跑道的离心膨胀量对流场尺寸进行更改;针对温度、压差引起的流体状态参数改变,通过状态方程进行计算,并对本构方程中相关参数进行重新确定。为有效验证数值计算模型的有效性,进行了全工况条件下浮环密封泄漏特性试验。结果表明:随着压差升高,数值计算得到的泄漏量不断趋近试验结果,在压差大于等于0.1 MPa后,数值计算得到的泄漏量与试验结果的平均偏差在6.08%~9.43%。     

辅助摩擦电铸Ni-Mn合金的力学性能

利用一种新的电铸技术--游离粒子辅助摩擦电铸技术进行Ni-Mn合金的电铸试验.研究了工艺参数对Ni-Mn合金电铸层显微硬度和拉伸性能的影响规律.试验结果表明,游离粒子的辅助摩擦作用和电铸层中的锰元素共同影响着电铸层的力学性能.随着阴极旋转速率的提高,电铸层中锰含量不断增加,且游离粒子对电铸层的摩擦、挤压作用随之加强,电...     

封严涂层的性能评价及研究进展

封严涂层系统可以改善飞机燃气涡轮发动机中旋转部件和固定部件之间的密封性,已成为提高发动机工作效率．延长发动机服役寿命的主要方法之一。本文阐述了目前封严涂层的应用及性能评价的研究进展．描述了未来封严涂层的发展趋势。     

损伤力学模型在胶接结构耐久性/损伤容限分析中的应用

介绍了胶接结构胶层在简单加卸载情形下的损伤演化本构模型及其数值计算方法的国外研究工作,并对其在胶接结构的耐久性／损伤容限工程评估中的应用进行了分析评述,目的希望推动国内在航空胶接结构设计分析中的应用研究工作。     

Linear Shaped Charge Cutting Property and Charge Cutting Mechanism of Mg-Gd-Y-Zn Alloy

The linear shaped charge cutting technology is an effective technology for aircraft separation. It can separate invalid components from aircrafts timely to achieve light-weight. Magnesium alloy is the lightest metal material, and can be used to cast effective light-weight components of an aircraft construction. However, the application study of the linear shaped charge cutting technology on magnesium alloy components is basically blank. In response to the demand for the linear separation of magnesium alloys, the Mg-12Gd-0.5Y-0.4Zn alloy is selected to carry out the target shaped charge cutting test. The effects of the shaped charge line density, cutting thickness, and mechanical properties on the cutting performance of the alloy are studied. The shaped charge cutting mechanism is analyzed through the notch structure. The results show that the linear shaped charge cutting performance is significantly affected by the penetration and the collapse. The higher the linear density is, the stronger the ability of the linear shaped charge cutter is, and the greater the penetration depth is, which is advantageous. However, the target structure will be damaged when it is too large (e.g., 4.5 g?m-1). Within 12 mm, when the cutting thickness of the target increases, the penetration depth increases. The lower the tensile strength is, the greater the penetration depth is, and the more conducive the penetration depth to the shaped charge cutting is. When the elongation (EL) increases to 12%, the collapse of the target is incomplete and the target cannot be separated. When the tensile strength of the Mg-Gd-Y-Zn alloy is less than 350 MPa, the EL is less than 6.5%, the cutting thickness is less than 12 mm, and the linear shaped charge cutting of the magnesium alloy can be achieved stably.     

应用TESTWORK3.02软件测试不锈钢带的力学性能

介绍了用ＴＥＳＴＷＯＲＫ３．０２测试软件对不锈钢带力学性能的测试过程。从而获得了不锈钢带的弹性模量、抗拉强度、非比例伸长应力、断后伸长率等指标。