高速柔性转子支承松动力学特征及动力特性

针对高速柔性转子支承松动的结构特征、力学特征以及多支点转子系统动力学设计的需要,研究了转子支承结构松动引起支承刚度非连续变化的产生机理,建立了支承松动转子系统动力学模型,分析了支承松动转子系统存在混沌运动的条件,即当转子动力特性对支承刚度变化敏感时,受支承刚度阶跃影响,支承松动转子系统会产生混沌运动。根据多支点转子系统动力学特性与支承结构位置、刚度的相关性,采用优化支承位置和支承刚度的方法,使转子动力特性对支承刚度非连续变化不敏感,为多支点高速柔性转子系统的动力学优化设计提供了设计途径。     

Evaluation and utilization of CloudSat and CALIPSO data to analyze the impact of dust aerosol on the microphysical properties of cirrus over the Tibetan Plateau

The present study elucidates on the evaluation of two versions (V3 and V4.10) of vertical feature mask (VFM) and aerosol sub-types data derived from the Cloud-Aerosol LiDAR and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), and its utilization to analyze the impact of dust aerosol on the microphysical properties of cirrus over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). In conjunction to the CALIPSO, we have also used the CloudSat data to study the same during the summer season for the years 2007–2010 over the study area 25–40°N and 75–100°E. Compared to V3 of CALIPSO, V4.10 was found to have undergone substantial changes in the code, algorithm, and data products. Intercomparison of both versions of data products in the selected grid between 30–31°N and 83–84°E within the study area during 2007–2017 revealed that the VFM and aerosol sub-types are in good agreement of ～95.27% and ～82.80%, respectively. Dusty cirrus is defined as the clouds mixed with dust aerosols or existing in dust aerosol conditions, while the pure cirrus is that in a dust-free environment. The obtained results illustrated that the various microphysical properties of cirrus, namely ice water content (IWC), ice water path (IWP), ice distribution width (IDW), ice effective radius (IER), and ice number concentration (INC) noticed a decrease of 17%, 18%, 4%, 19%, and 10%, respectively due to the existence of dust aerosol, consistent with the classical “Twomey effect” for liquid clouds. Moreover, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) showed moderate negative correlations between ?0.4 and ?0.6 with the microphysical characteristics of cirrus. As our future studies, in addition to the present work undertaken, we planned to gain knowledge and interested to explore the impact of a variety of aerosols apart from the dust aerosol on the microphysical properties of cirrus in different regions of China.     

用于转子系统的气膜密封阻尼结构稳态特性

针对航空发动机转子既转动又进动的运转情况,推导用于转子系统的带金属橡胶弹性外环的气膜密封阻尼结构(gas film seal damper,GFSD)雷诺方程.基于GFSD运动方程和位移协调关系,建立转子－气膜－金属橡胶三者之间的流固耦合关系,确定稳态压力场求解流程,并提出金属橡胶刚度的定量设计方法.采用有限差分法求解稳态压力场,研究GFSD工作参数和结构参数对稳态特性的影响,为GFSD结构参数设计提供参考,最后与直通式篦齿封严的泄漏量进行比较.结果表明:合理设计金属橡胶刚度能够使GFSD自适应地调节气膜间隙;在保证动压润滑的基础上,选取大长径比、小金属橡胶刚度和密封间隙能够使GFSD具有良好的稳态特性;GFSD的泄漏量远小于直通式篦齿封严,能够满足现代航空发动机中高进出口压比下的封严需要.      

Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Oxidation Resistance of Nb-22Ti-14Si-2Hf-2Al-xCr Alloys

Nb-22Ti-14Si-2Hf-2Al-xCr (x=2, 6, 10, 14, 17 at%) alloys are prepared by arc-melting under argon atmosphere. Microstructural characteristics, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of the arc-melted alloys are investigated. At 2 at% Cr content, the microstructure is composed of Nbss, Nb3Si and a small quantity of Nb5Si3, when the Cr contents increase, Nb3Si disappears. For the high Cr content (x ≥ 10 at%) alloys, besides the Nbss and Nb5Si3, Cr2Nb is also detected. With the increase of Cr content, the volume fractions of Cr2Nb and Nb5Si3 increase, while that of Nbss increases firstly and then begins to degrade when the Cr content is higher than 6 at%. For the alloy with 2 at% Cr, the room temperature fracture toughness is about 14.5 MPa·m1/2, but badly decreases to about 8.5 MPa·m1/2, when the Cr contents increase. Vickers hardness of Nbss tends to increase linearly from about 400 to 500, while that of silicides is not sensitive to Cr contents, about 950. The appearance of Cr2Nb phase significantly improves the high temperature oxidation resistance of the alloys with high Cr contents. The isothermal oxidation tests show that the oxidation kinetics of the alloys with various Cr contents follows parabolic oxidation kinetics.     

充气机翼承载能力和气动特性分析

应用结构力学和材料力学的相关理论分析了一种充气机翼的承载能力,基于充气机翼特性和工程要求分析,确定了充气机翼失效的条件,建立了充气机翼弯曲变形的力学模型,并通过试验验证了该模型的合理性;然后,利用FLUENT 6.3对该种充气机翼翼型进行了气动特性仿真分析,并与相应的标准翼型进行了对比.最后,将三维充气机翼的气动载荷仿真数据导入Patran,对充气机翼在飞行状态下的应力和变形进行了有限元分析.      

纤维素甘油醚硝酸酯粘合剂及其推进剂的力学性能

利用X-ray衍射、拉伸实验和动态力学性能DMA实验研究了纤维素甘油醚硝酸酯(NGEC)的结晶度、NGEC及其推进剂的力学性能和动态力学性能,借助扫描电镜观察了NGEC基改性双基推进剂的断裂形貌,并通过流动性实验探索了NGEC全部与部分取代NC的改性双基推进剂的热加工工艺性能。结果表明:与NC相比,NGEC的结晶度和力学强度略低、延伸率较高、玻璃化转变温度低且转变温度范围宽;加入NGEC,可降低高固体含量改性双基推进剂的脱湿现象,有利于提高其力学性能;粘合剂体系中NGEC的含量对其改性双基推进剂的玻璃化转变的α松弛影响较大,随着NGEC含量的增加α松弛温度明显降低,而对β松弛的影响较小;与NC相比,NGEC的加入降低了改性双基推进剂的流动性实验出药压力,提高了出药速度,具有良好的热塑性及热加工安全性。     

液体成形复合材料力学性能测试方法研究进展

复合材料液体成形工艺(Liquid Composite Molding,LCM)是将液态聚合物在压力作用下注入铺有纤维预成形体的闭合模腔中,液态聚合物在流动充模的同时完成对纤维的浸润并经固化成形成为复合材料制品的一类制备技术。本文先对复合材料液体成形工艺原理进行了简要概述,接着综述了由液体成形工艺制备的复合材料构件的基本力学性能测试方法,其中基本力学性能主要包括拉伸、压缩、弯曲、剪切、开孔拉伸、开孔压缩、层间断裂和抗冲击性能等,并对相关的试验标准进行了比较。最后对液体成形复合材料的力学性能测试方法进行了总结和展望。     

基于MEMS器件的旋转调制式航姿参考系统设计

为实现中精度、低成本的航姿测量系统,提出了一种基于低精度MEMS(Mi-cro Electronic Mechanical System)陀螺旋转调制技术的解决方案.系统采用四元数及三子样法进行航姿解算,可选用全自主及快速两种对准模式.全自主对准采用基于速度观测的Kalman滤波方案,利用30(°)/h的MEMS陀螺可实现优于5°的航向对准精度;快速对准时航向角由磁场计提供,经磁罗差补偿后航向精度优于0.4°.静态及动态实验结果表明:旋转调制可将MEMS陀螺的精度提高30倍左右,系统在1 h内的航姿保持精度优于1°.     

微机械梳状驱动音叉陀螺的误差源研究

定性地讨论了微机械梳状驱动音叉陀螺特有的一些误差源,主要有微机械结构的 Ｂｒｏｗ ｎｉａｎ 噪声、电路噪声、机械耦合误差及电子机械耦合误差等。对上述误差源的认识是微结构制造和电路设计的基础。     

超细晶Laves相NbCr2颗粒增强Nb基复合材料的制备及其组织性能研究

采用机械合金化 热压工艺制备了Laves相NbCr2增强的Nb基复合材料。研究了Nb-22.5Cr配比成分的Nb,Cr元素粉经MA30h后在1250℃分别热压10min,20min和30min所获得的Nb/NbCr2复合材料的组织和性能。结果表明:三种热压时间均可制备出组织均匀,致密度高的Nb/NbCr2复合材料,体积分数约为30%的近等轴状的Laves相NbCr2颗粒弥散分布于Nb固溶体基体中。热压20min的试样具有最佳的组织和性能,其Laves相NbCr2的晶粒尺寸达到亚微米级,致密度达到99.2%,维氏硬度为9.41GPa,屈服强度为2950 MPa,抗压强度为3345 MPa,塑性应变达到了7.01%,充分实现了Laves相NbCr2颗粒强化和细晶强韧化的效果。