Zr-Al-(Ni-Cu)合金的非晶形成能力及热学性能

采用喷射铜模铸造法研究了Ni和Cu含量对Zr-Al-(Ni-Cu)四元合金的非晶形成能力的影响.利用X射线衍射仪分析了铸态合金的相结构,利用差示扫描量热仪研究了非晶合金的热学性能.结果表明:Zr-Al-(Ni-Cu)四元合金的非晶形成能力远大于Zr-Al-Ni和Zr-Al-Cu三元合金的非晶形成能力.Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17.5合金显示最高的非晶形成能力,其非晶形成临界直径可以达到7 mm.相似元素Ni和Cu在一定比例下共存,使液态合金的熵值增加,自由能降低,从而有效提高了合金的非晶形成能力.     

月面巡视探测器动力学建模

动力学模型是研究星球探测车运动的基础。以某月面巡视探测器原理样机为背景,建立了其动力学模型,并进行了数值仿真分析。在说明月壤机械特性的基础上,结合地面车辆力学的知识,分析了松散月壤上刚性车轮的受力,考虑了主动驱动和被动驱动的情形,利用数学拟合的方法得到了满足工程要求的简化模型。在一定假设条件下,以牛顿欧拉法建立了三自由度整车动力学模型,建模时同时考虑了驱动和转向的相互影响。最后,数值仿真结果定性地验证了月面巡视探测器动力学模型的正确性。     

频率选择表面传输特性的温度循环效应

根据国家军用标准GJB 150-86对不同涂层材料和加工工艺的频率选择表面(FSS,Frequency Selective Surfaces)进行了温度循环的环境模拟试验,通过比较温度循环前后FSS的谐振频率、传输损耗、频带宽度和入射角稳定性等传输特性的差异,考察FSS在温度循环条件下的性能稳定性.结果表明,温度循环对不同材料和工艺的FSS的传输性能有较大影响,主要表现在FSS的传输损耗和频带宽度两方面.不同FSS在经过温度循环后,谐振频率下的传输损耗增大0.5~3倍,入射角越大增大的幅度越大;频带宽度增加50%~70%,不同的FSS增加的幅度不同.而对谐振频率和入射角稳定性的影响根据不同的FSS而不同,但对二者的影响都不明显.与简单振子FSS相比,组合振子FSS的传输性能受温度循环的影响较大.      

Precipitation behavior and properties of extruded 7136 aluminum alloy under different aging treatments

In this work, the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the extruded 7136 aluminum alloy treated by single-stage aging treatment (T6), retrogression and re-aging treatment (RRA), and multiple retrogression and re-aging treatment have been investigated by means of hardness measurements, electrical conductivity tests and tensile tests. The results have shown that the properties of the 7136 alloy such as hardness, tensile strength and electrical conductivity were sensitive to retrogression time (within 90 min). With prolonging the retrogression time, the tensile strength was enhanced first and then decreased, yet the electrical conductivity was continuously increased. The 60 min-treated alloy performed the highest tensile strength (716 MPa), whereas the 90 min-treated alloy possessed the highest electrical conductivity (33.95%IACS). Compared with the T6-treated alloy, the tensile strength and electrical conductivity were improved by 3.3% and 18.9%, respectively. The electrical conductivity showed an obvious increase with repetitious times of the RRA treatment. After 3RRA60 treatment, a good combination of tensile strength (705 MPa) and electrical conductivity (33.20%IACS) can be obtained. Compared with the T6 condition, the tensile strength and electrical conductivity were improved by 1.7% and 16.3%, respectively. The mechanism of microstructure evolution under different aging treatments has been discussed in detail.     

热发射过程中发射箱蒙皮力学性能损伤与试验研究

文中选择大、中、小3种典型结构尺寸的发射箱,利用计算流体动力学（Computational fluid dynamics,CFD）仿真软件Fluent对发射箱蒙皮表面在导弹发射过程中的力、热环境进行了仿真分析。以铝合金材料为例,对发射箱蒙皮材料在燃气流环境中力学性能损伤情况进行了烧蚀试验研究。研究结果表明,随着烧蚀时间延长,铝合金材料力学性能损伤存在一个突变点,在1.5 s内下降不明显,但是当烧蚀时间延长至2.0 s时,力学性能急剧下降至0。该研究结果为铝合金发射箱轻量化设计、热防护设计和使用次数设计等提供了数据支撑。     

含硅芳炔树脂改性氰酸酯树脂的性能

将双酚E型氰酸酯(BEDCy)与含硅芳炔树脂(PSA)用溶液共混的方法制备了共混树脂(BEDCy/PSA);通过DSC和原位红外研究了共混树脂的固化反应,使用TGA和DMA表征了树脂的耐热性能;还考察了共混树脂的介电性能和力学性能.结果表明,PSA树脂能够降低BEDCy树脂的固化温度;随着PSA树脂的添加,氮气和空气氛...     

Mechanical behavior and properties of fiber reinforced ceramic matrix composites for high temperature use

Ceramics can keep their mechanical characteristics up to 2 000℃ or higher.In this paper,A model to predict ultimate strength of continuous fiber-reinforced brittle matrix composites is developed.A statistical theory for the strength of a uni-axially fiber-reinforced brittle matrix composite is presented.Also a semi-empirical frictional heating method for estimating in-situ interfacial shear in fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites was improved.Local uneven fiber packing variation as well as uneven micro-damage during fatigue can be expected to have effects on the composites:generation of frictional heating,thermal gradients,and residual stresses around local fiber breaks.This study examined those engineering interests by the finite element method.      

不同温度和应力状态下Ni-Ti形状记忆合金力学行为分析

为了研究Ni-Ti形状记忆合金在不同应力状态下的力学行为,文中通过分离式Hopkinson杆实验装置分别对不同Ni-Ti形状记忆合金试样进行了动态拉伸和压缩试验。实验温度从291~573 K。从不同应力状态和试验温度的试验结果分析中发现:Ni-Ti形状记忆合金的相变屈服应力和位错屈服应力均随着试验温度的增加而增加;此外,同一Ni-Ti形状记忆合金压缩状态下的相变屈服应力和位错屈服应力均明显高于其拉伸状态下的相变屈服极限和位错屈服极限;而且对于同一Ni-Ti形状记忆合金,变形后材料的逆相变起始温度比变形前材料逆相变的起始温度高,且应变率越高,逆相变起始温度增加的越快。     

固体火箭发动机密封结构随机有限元可靠性分析

通过研究固体发动机密封结构主要部件橡胶O形密封圈的力学性能,应用积分类随机有限元法实现了密封结构随机因素下的结构响应,完成了固体发动机密封结构在长时间贮存老化和工作状态下的力学性能模拟及随机有限元可靠性分析。     

SIMULATION OF COMPOSITE NON-LINEAR MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF CMCS BY FEM-BASED MULTI- SCALE APPROACH

The non-linear behavior of continuous fiber reinforced C/SiC ceramic matrix composites （CMCs） under tensile loading is modeled by three-dimensional representative volume element （RVE） models of the composite. The theoretical background of the multi-scale approach solved by the finite element method （FEM） is recalled first- ly. Then the geometric characters of three kinds of damage mechanisms, i.e. micro matrix cracks, fiber/matrix interface debonding and fiber fracture, are studied. Three kinds of RVE are proposed to model the microstructure of C/SiC with above damage mechanisms respectively. The matrix cracking is modeled by critical matrix strain en- ergy （CMSE） principle while a maximum shear stress criterion is used for modeling fiber/matrix interface debond- ing. The behavior of fiber fracture is modeled by the famous Weibull statistic theory. A numerical example of con- tinuous fiber reinforced C/SiC composite under tensile loading is performed. The results show that the stress/ strain curve predicted by the developed model agrees with experimental data.