A320系列机型绿点速度特性分析

绿点速度是空客系列机型特有的光洁构型、一发失效条件下的最佳操纵速度。为了研究绿点速度的设计依据,利用空客PEP性能软件计算A320系列机型光洁构型、一发失效条件下、不同校正表速所对应的爬升角、等待燃油流量和飘降下滑角,分析了绿点速度状态、最大升阻比状态下的爬升、等待、飘降性能与最佳爬升/等待/飘降性能相互之间的关系。结果表明:绿点速度小于最大升阻比速度,随着飞行高度增加逐渐逼近最大升阻比速度;绿点速度下的爬升/等待/飘降性能对应于最大升阻比性能、最佳爬升/等待/飘降性能的均值。     

一种新的二维最大熵图象阈值分割方法

根据最大熵原理提出了一种用二维最大熵获取二值图象的新方法，介绍了用梯度－区域灰度均值二维最大熵求取阈值的原理和过程。计算机仿真结果表明，采用本文提出的阈值分割方法，对于直方图平坦的灰度图象处理效果尤为理想。     

用最大熵谱法估计大气湍流谱

最大熵谱分析方法是一种非线性的新的谱分析方法。其基本原理可浅近地解释为:对一个所考虑的时间系列,它的前 m 个自相关系数已知,要求构造其后的自相关系数,但不损失系列的熵即不损失其信息。实际的处理过程是:用自回归方法在最小二乘原则下对系列作最佳拟合,然后求拟合系列的理论谱。最大熵谱法不要求对原始系列的滤波和对粗谱的平滑整理。本文从实际应用的角度,简述了该方法的过程,介绍了编程计算的方法和步骤,并结合实例计算了几组大气湍流谱。文章认为最大熵谱分析方法是一种值得推广应用的优秀的谱分析方法。     

自适应DBF与空间谱估计

讨论了自适应数字波束形成(DBF)技术和超分辨空间谱估计技术,并提出了一种基于信号协方差矩阵特征分解的时-空二维信号高分辨谱估计算法。以上技术应用于相控阵雷达系统,可以精确获得多个运动目标的方位信息和多普勒信息。文章最后给出了计算机模拟结果。     

一种TASIMM-UKF导弹状态估计方法

为了提高对机动导弹状态估计的精度和速度,提出了一种三轴分离IMM-UKF(TASIMM-UKF)滤波算法。将导弹运动状态按坐标轴方向进行三轴分离,并基于CV,CA和CJ模型集,采用无迹卡尔曼滤波器并行估计导弹三轴状态信息,有效地解决了导弹不同运动轴间的模型竞争问题。仿真结果表明,该方法能有效提高状态估计精度,缩短了估计时间,对复杂大机动目标状态估计具有良好的性能。     

基于脑电功率谱密度的作业人员脑力负荷评估方法

脑力负荷状态的准确识别对减少因作业人员无效脑力负荷导致的人因事故具有重要意义。针对人-机系统中作业人员脑力负荷客观评估问题开展了基于MATB-Ⅱ平台的3种不同脑力负荷水平下的航空情境实验，记录16名被试的NASA任务负荷指数（NASA-TLX）量表数据和脑电（EEG）信号，提出了一种基于脑电功率谱密度（PSD）和支持向量机（SVM）的个体脑力负荷评估方法。结果表明：随着实验设计脑力负荷水平增加，被试的主观脑力负荷得分显著提高（p<0.001），这表明该实验任务设计较好地诱发了低负荷、中负荷和高负荷情境。在此基础上，通过网格搜索法确定个体脑力负荷评估模型的统一优化参数，惩罚系数取3 000，核函数参数取0.000 1，模型测试正确率达到0.966 5±0.029 8，宏平均的受试者工作特征曲线下的面积（Macro-AUC）达到0.991 0±0.011 4。本文为作业人员脑力负荷状态的客观和准确评估提供了一种新的办法，为后期作业人员脑力负荷状态的实时判别提供模型基础。     

An improved approach for rainfall estimation over Indian summer monsoon region using Kalpana-1 data

In this paper, an improved Kalpana-1 infrared (IR) based rainfall estimation algorithm, specific to Indian summer monsoon region is presented. This algorithm comprises of two parts: (i) development of Kalpana-1 IR based rainfall estimation algorithm with improvement for orographic warm rain underestimation generally suffered by IR based rainfall estimation methods and (ii) cooling index to take care of the growth and decay of clouds and thereby improving the precipitation estimation.     

Abnormal changes of dynamic derivatives at low reduced frequencies

A number of studies have found that abnormal changes of dynamic derivatives occurred at very low reduced frequencies, but its inducement mechanism is not very clear. This paper has researched the abnormal changes and analyzed the influence on some parameters by solving the unsteady flow around forced oscillation airfoils based on Navier-Stokes equations. Results indicate that when the reduced frequency approaches to zero, the dynamic derivatives obtained by the numerical method will diverge. We have also proven it in theory that this phenomenon is not physical but completely caused by numerical singularity. Furthermore, the abnormal phenomenon can be effectively mitigated by using the time spectral method to solve the aerodynamic forces and the integral method to obtain the dynamic derivatives. When the reduced frequency is in the range of 0.001–0.01, the dynamic derivative maintains nearly unchanged for the whole speed region. This study can provide a reference for the reasonable choice of the reduced frequency in calculations and experiments of dynamic derivatives.     

A fast pulse phase estimation method for X-ray pulsar signals based on epoch folding

X-ray pulsar-based navigation (XPNAV) is an attractive method for autonomous deep-space navigation in the future. The pulse phase estimation is a key task in XPNAV and its accuracy directly determines the navigation accuracy. State-of-the-art pulse phase estimation techniques either suffer from poor estimation accuracy, or involve the maximization of generally non-convex object function, thus resulting in a large computational cost. In this paper, a fast pulse phase estimation method based on epoch folding is presented. The statistical properties of the observed profile obtained through epoch folding are developed. Based on this, we recognize the joint prob-ability distribution of the observed profile as the likelihood function and utilize a fast Fourier transform-based procedure to estimate the pulse phase. Computational complexity of the proposed estimator is analyzed as well. Experimental results show that the proposed estimator significantly outperforms the currently used cross-correlation (CC) and nonlinear least squares (NLS) estima-tors, while significantly reduces the computational complexity compared with NLS and maximum likelihood (ML) estimators.     

基于卫星和星敏感器的冗余激光惯组在轨标定

采用高精度卫星导航速度、位置信息以及星敏感器提供的姿态信息设计十表冗余捷联惯组的标定模型,包含陀螺和加速度计的零次项和标度因数,对卫星和星敏感器辅助的冗余激光陀螺捷联惯组进行实时在轨标定.利用标准Kalman滤波和Sage-Husa自适应滤波作为估计算法,对十表冗余捷联惯组参数进行在线估计.数值仿真结果表明:参数标定精度均在7％以内,是一种实时的在轨标定方法,满足误差补偿要求.冗余惯组在轨标定方法为航天器高精度定姿和定轨提供了一种理论参考.