Analytical exact solutions for unsteady collisionless plume flows in a vacuum

This paper presents a set of gaskinetic solutions to the problem of unsteady collisionless round plume development: startup and development to a steady flow; steady flow; and shutting down from a steady flow. This can find applications in studying similar transient plume flows from space propulsion devices. Different from many past studies, here we consider the general situation that the average exit gas speed can be larger than zero, and detailed geometry of the nozzle exit radius is included. A fundamental space–velocity–time relation is adopted in this study and it plays a crucial role to obtain the complete flowfield properties of density, velocity, pressure and temperature. This study reveals that there are some internal complementary relations on density and momentum among these three processes. The results involve complex integrations involving factors of time, geometry, and specific speed ratio. Several numerical simulations with the direct simulation Monte Carlo method validate these analytical exact results.     

Evaluation of Turbulence Models in Predicting Hypersonic and Subsonic Base Flows Using Grid Adaptation Techniques

The flows behind the base of a generic rocket, at both hypersonic and subsonic flow conditions, are numerically studied. The main concerns are addressed to the evaluation of turbulence models and the using of grid adaptation techniques. The investiga- tion focuses on two configurations, related to hypersonic and subsonic experiments. The applicability tests of different turbulence models are conducted on the level of two-equation models calculating the steady state solution of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations. All used models, the original Wilcox k-ω, the Menter shear-stress transport (SST) and the explicit algebraic Reynolds stress model(EARSM) formulation, predict an asymmetric base flow in both cases caused by the support of the models. A comparison with preliminary experimental results indicates a preference for the SST and EARSM results over the results from the older k-ω model. Sensitivity studies show no significant influence of the grid topology or the location of the laminar to turbulent transition on the base flow field, but a strong influence of even small angles of attack is reported from the related experiments.     

面向三维激波问题的装配方法

给出了一种基于非结构动网格技术的三维激波装配方法。在该方法中,三维激波面由被标记为激波属性的网格点连接构成,标记为激波属性的网格点称为激波点。激波点具有两组参数分别代表激波的上下游,利用激波点上下游参数求解R-H关系式获得激波点运动速度。非结构动网格技术的使用允许激波大幅度运动,降低了对初始激波位置的要求。通过引入网格属性定义避免了对计算网格进行分区,增加了装配激波的灵活性。通过球柱体绕流问题验证了该三维装配方法的合理性,针对三维激波装配中比较困难的交点装配问题,通过对三维激波反射以及三维激波相交等算例进行研究找到了可用的三维激波交点运动速度的确定方法,保证了激波运动过程中交点运动与流场求解之间的相容性,获得了相应的装配结果。     

A hybrid multidimensional Riemann solver to couple self-similar method with MULTV method for complex flows

Since proposed, the self-similarity variables based genuinely multidimensional Riemann solver is attracting more attentions due to its high resolution in multidimensional complex flows. However, it needs numerous logical operations in supersonic cases, which limit the method’s applicability in engineering problems greatly. In order to overcome this defect, a hybrid multidimensional Riemann solver, called HMTHS (Hybrid of MulTv and multidimensional HLL scheme based on Self-similar structures), is proposed. It simulates the strongly interacting zone by adopting the MHLLES (Multidimensional Harten-Lax-van Leer-Eifeldt scheme based on Self-similar structures) scheme at subsonic speeds, which is with a high resolution by considering the second moment in the similarity variables. Also, it adopts the MULTV (Multidimensional Toro and Vasquez) scheme, which is with a high resolution in capturing discontinuities, to simulate the flux at supersonic speeds. Systematic numerical experiments, including both one-dimensional cases and two-dimensional cases, are conducted. One-dimensional moving contact discontinuity case and sod shock tube case suggest that HMTHS can accurately capture one-dimensional expansion waves, shock waves, and linear contact discontinuities. Two-dimensional cases, such as the double Mach reflection case, the supersonic shock / boundary layer interaction case, the hypersonic flow over the cylinder case, and the hypersonic viscous flow over the double-ellipsoid case, indicate that the HMTHS scheme is with a high resolution in simulating multidimensional complex flows. Therefore, it is promising to be widely applied in both scholar and engineering areas.     

冲压加速器燃烧流场的数值模拟

本文利用ＥＮＮ格式,通过求解包含非平衡效应的完全Ｎ－Ｓ方程,数值模拟了超声速燃烧流动中很有兴趣的Ｈ２／Ａｉｒ斜爆轰波冲压加速器的绕流。     

矩形渡槽槽体结构绕流流场数值模拟研究

基于二维非定常不可压缩雷诺平均N-S方程,采用RNG(renormalization group)k-ε两方程湍流模型,对矩形渡槽在空槽和满槽情况下的二维绕流特性进行了分析.计算网格为四边形结构网格,采用有限体积法对微分方程进行离散,应用SIMPLE算法解决压强-速度耦合关系.引入空腔流动研究成果对空槽和满槽风载体形系数基本相同的原因进行了理论分析,揭示了空槽时槽体内复杂的旋涡流动结构.     

支持自愈恢复的MPLS流量工程路由机制

提出基于策略和流量特征的约束路由算法,算法根据网络资源和流量分布特征,为不同流预先分配带宽,优化网络资源的使用.将显式路由计算和故障恢复机制相结合,设计和实现基于MPLS(Multi Protocol Label Switch)的故障恢复系统,提高MPLS网络的生存性.      

地效试验数据的估算研究

基于低速风洞试验的不可压缩势流理论,针对飞机地效试验,提出由无地板下的试验数据通过计算得到任意地板高度下相应数据的方法。将利用此方法得到的计算结果与带地板试验数据对比,论证了该方法的有效性。进一步研究表明,采用已有的带地板试验数据对计算结果进行差量修正,可有效减小该方法的计算误差。     

离散速度方法及其在跨流域问题中的应用研究进展

往返大气层跨流域飞行器的气动力和气动热计算一直是当前流体力学研究的难点和热点之一。由于该类飞行器面临的流动场景不再是单一的连续流或稀薄流,采用Navier-Stokes方程求解器或DSMC方法均不能获得全流域的准确结果。近年来,以不依赖于连续性假设的Boltzmann模型方程为基础,通过在位置空间和速度空间同时离散求解该方程,实现了跨流域问题的统一求解。本文对该类算法的研究进展进行回顾和分析,着重介绍气体动理论统一算法（Gas kinetic unified algorithm, GKUA）、统一气体动理学格式（Unified gas kinetic scheme, UGKS）和改进离散速度方法（Improved discrete velocity method, IDVM）3种数值途径,分析它们的基本假设和实现方式,关注它们目前取得的进展和应用情况。同时,本文还将IDVM进一步扩展到非定常情形,以便用于非定常跨流域问题求解。最后,本文对该类算法存在的一些问题进行讨论,期望在后续的研究中能予以解决。     

直接加热式换热器中若干问题的探讨

目前广泛使用的直接加热式换热器,存在着热效率低、振动和噪声大的问题。本文通过对汽泡运动与热交换的理论分析和数值计算,以及对蒸汽激励与防噪声的分析,提出既可提高热效率又可大大降低振动与噪声的结构方案。实验证明了这种结构方案的有效性及其在工程中应用的可行性。