The photometric study of light scattering from the surface of alumina powder and interpretations by Hapke formula

A laboratory experiment helps to understand the light scattering property of regolith like samples with known compositions and other physical parameters. The laboratory data so obtained can be compared with the existing in situ data on celestial objects like asteroids. Further, it may be analyzed with the help of various theoretical models to understand the light scattering processes from regolith more clearly. In this work we have performed laboratory based photometry of the light scattered from the surfaces of powdered alumina (Al₂O₃) at various tilt angles of the sample and at large phase angles, with the particles having diameter 0.3 μm. The wavelength of observation was 632.8 nm. These data have been fitted by a surface scattering model originally suggested by Hapke. Instead of using empirical Henyey–Greenstein phase function to fix the values of albedo and phase function to be used within Hapke formula, we have used Mie theory for the same. This approach helped us to determine the single particle properties such as particle diameter and complex refractive index from surface scattering phase curve alone. Mie theory depends only on the size parameter X(=2π(radius/wavelength)) and complex refractive index (n, k) of the material. Since the absorption coefficient (k) for alumina is known to be very low but not exactly zero, the best fit to the experimental data was obtained by least square technique with k as a free parameter, as the other parameters are known. Finally, we compare our results with other published results and discuss the scope of application of the method we adopted.     

On the observability of Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements

A thorough observability analysis of the Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements from ground based beacons is performed. This analysis involves the evaluation of the Fisher information matrix which is derived from the maximum likelihood estimation. A series of navigation cases with multiple beacons are investigated, and both range and range-rate measurements are considered. The determinant of Fisher information matrix is used to quantify the observability of navigation system, while the trace of Fisher information matrix is used to determine the lower-bound of estimation errors. For one and two beacon cases, the navigation system is unobservable. However, the eigenvectors of Fisher information matrix give the observable and unobservable component. When three or more beacon measurements are employed, the states of entry vehicle become observable. Some valuable analytic conclusions on the relationship between the geometric configuration of beacons and observability are obtained consequently. Finally, simulation results from two navigation examples indicate that our effort is useful for understanding and assessing the observability of the Mars entry navigation using radiometric measurements.     

融合粗糙集与D-S证据理论的航空装备故障诊断

针对航空电子装备故障诊断中出现的多源诊断信息存在冲突的情况,基于粗糙集与证据理论在处理不确定问题时的优势,提出了一种融合粗糙集与证据理论的故障诊断方法.该方法利用粗糙集将信息源给出的诊断数据转化为证据理论中的mass函数,进行结果融合.同时,该方法给出边界粗糙熵的定义,并基于边界粗糙熵获得反映各信息源在诊断融合过程中重要度的动态权重参数,提出一种新的证据理论的冲突合成规则.仿真实验表明,该方法可以有效地提升诊断信息融合结果的准确性,在航空电子装备故障诊断方面有较好的实用价值.      

高精度法矢下切割面自适应的凸曲面射线寻迹

针对电大尺寸目标难以精确解析表达带来的一致性几何绕射算法应用难问题,提出了基于三角网格、适用于任意凸曲面的射线寻迹（TM-tracing）算法。应用工程中较易获取的三角网格及其协议,设计了一种满足快速多边搜索条件的网状数据存储链表;提出了满足寻迹要求的高精度法矢求解算法;采用切割面自适应调整的弧形拟合寻迹方法实现了爬行波寻迹算法;结合一致性几何绕射理论（UTD）实现了暗区场值求解算法。任意网格曲面射线寻迹结果表明:本文提出的寻迹算法适用于包括球、柱和锥在内的任意光滑凸曲面,寻迹偏差小于1.61%,寻迹速度为2.8 s,具有一定的工程应用价值。      

一种地月转移轨道中途修正的制导算法

针对地月转移轨道中途修正问题,提出了一种求解修正速度增量的制导算法。该算法由初值设计和精确解求解两部分组成。首先,利用伪状态理论,通过简单迭代设计中途修正的初值,并通过Vinti预报方法修正了地球扁率的影响。然后,在求解精确解时,提出了一种基于伪状态理论的状态转移矩阵解析算法。该算法通过设计高精度的初值,降低了求解地月转移轨道中途修正问题的难度,而且避免了传统数值方法计算状态转移矩阵的复杂性。数值仿真结果表明,该算法可有效求解中途修正问题。     

冗余系统两种应力-强度分布模型的可靠度计算

本文运用应力-强度干涉理论,说明如何确定相同设备(或元件)构成的冗余系统的可靠性。讨论了冗余系统的并联和从n中取k两种结构形式的数学模型,推导了应力和强度服从瑞利分布的并联冗余系统,以及应力和强度分别服从麦克思韦分布和瑞利分布n中取k冗余系统的数学公式。最后,给出这两个模型在应力作用下,对应于不同的强度参数,设备或元件的可靠性曲线,直观地说明应力强度参数的改变对可靠性的影响。     

有色噪声补偿下降阶系统状态的最优估计

在大型空间结构的控制系统设计中,降阶系统的状态估计是非常重要的环节,它直接关系到控制器的性能。针对B.Friedland的工作,本文提出了有色噪声补偿模型,在恒等变换下显式地消去了有色噪声项,利用正交投影定理仅对感兴趣的状态分量导出了无偏、最小方差估计。这组递推估计式与采用增广状态方法相比,不仅在处理容量、计算效率上有很大改进,而且是标准Kalman滤波方程的推广。注意到原系统与降阶系统之间的内在联系,本文采用随机系统分析方法,给出了在高斯、马尔可夫假设下,有色噪声模型特征参数的在线识别技术。数字仿真表明,对偏差补偿起主要作用的是有色噪声补偿模型中的驱动白噪声项,这是对B.Friedland工作的发展。     

线性矩阵方程AXB－CXD＝E的误差界

首先讨论线性矩阵方程ＡＸＢ－ＣＸＤ＝Ｅ在有唯一解的条件下方程之解Ｘ的一个上界，再考虑系数矩阵Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ，Ｄ，Ｅ发生小扰动时，线性矩阵方程（Ａ＋δＡ）Ｘ（Ｂ十δＢ）－（Ｃ＋δＣ）Ｘ（Ｄ＋δＤ）＝Ｅ＋δＥ之解Ｘ作为Ｘ的近似值的相对误差的一个上界。     

CONSTRUCTIONOFACLASSOFPNSEQUENCESWITHPRIMENUMBERPERIODSOF4t＋1FORM

构造了一类４ｔ＋１型质数周期的伪随机序列。该序列提供了比ｍ（Ｍ）序列更多的可供选择周期数，同时证明了它具有良好的伪随机特性     

神经网络控制在综合火力／飞行系统中的应用

提出了两种基于模糊控制的神经网络控制器的设计方案，并将这两种控制器应用于综合火力／飞行系统的耦合控制。两种方法的主要差别在于获取样本的方式不同。方案１是通过对模糊控制方法得到的响应曲线采样获取样本，由Ｂａｃｋ－Ｐｒｏｐａｇａｔｉｏｎ学习算法训练神经网络，得到一组固定权值。神经网络控制器采用这组权值以“联想记忆”的方式工作。方案２则从用模糊控制算法得到的控制查询表中获取样本。因为模糊控制查询表比较大，采样时依据该表构成的相平面图的特点，对采样点数进行了压缩，使所设计的神经网络的规模可以接受，其余的设计步骤与方案１基本相同。仿真结果表明，采用这两种神经网络控制器的控制系统都具有良好控制性能