发动机叶片椭圆进排气边智能磨削加工检测一体化技术

本文论述了航空发动机叶片进排气边的先进制造技术。首先介绍了椭圆叶片进排气边的重要性,然后描述了叶片进排气边加工的特点和制造技术现状,进而讨论了叶片进排气边智能加工检测一体化技术,最后对其中的关键技术和解决方案进行了分析。     

Convex shaping process simulation during counter-rotating electrochemical machining by using the finite element method

In counter-rotating electrochemical machining(CRECM), a revolving cathode tool with hollow windows of various shapes is used to fabricate convex structures on a revolving part. During this process, the anode workpiece and the cathode tool rotate relative to each other at the same rotation speed. In contrast to the conventional schemes of ECM machining with linear motion of a block tool electrode, this scheme of ECM is unique, and has not been adequately studied yet. In this paper, the finite element method(FEM) is used to simulate the anode shaping process during CRECM, and the simulation process which involves a meshing model, a moving boundary,and a simulation algorithm is described. The simulated anode profiles of the convex structure at different processing times show that the CRECM process can be used to fabricate convex structures of various shapes with different heights. Besides, the variation of the inter-electrode gap indicates that this process can also reach a relative equilibrium state like that in conventional ECM. A rectangular convex and a circular convex are successfully fabricated on revolving parts. The experimental results indicate relatively good agreement with the simulation results. The proposed simulation process is valid for convex shaping prediction and feasibility studies as well.     

基于多参量信息的水下地磁滤波导航算法

由于水下运载器使用地磁滤波导航方法时难收敛、易发散,根据水下运载 器的特点设计了一种基于多参量信息的水下地磁滤波导航算法。针对单纯使用地磁数据 进行位置匹配精度较差的问题,该算法在匹配及滤波过程中引入了地磁强度、航向、航 速等多参量信息,采用非线性滤波框架进行信息融合,采用粒子群算法根据多参量信息 进行位置搜索,并以之为系统滤波的观测值,通过提高位置观测精度改进滤波的收敛性 和鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,算法滤波精度高,稳定性好,能够较好地抑制各类传感器干 扰和误差对滤波估计的影响,适用于水下运载器的地磁导航定位。     

Influence mechanism of machining angles on force induced error and their selection in five axis bullnose end milling

In the machining of complicated surfaces, the cutters with large length/diameter ratios are used widely and the deformation of the machining system is one of the principal error sources. During the process planning stage, the cutting direction angle, the cutter lead and tilt angles are usually optimized to minimize the force induced error. It may lead to a low machining efficiency for bullnose end mills, as the material removal rates are different largely for different machining angles. In this paper, the influence mechanism of the machining angles on the force induced error is studied based on the models of the instantaneous cutting force when the cutter flute traveling through the cutting contact point and the stiffness of the machining system. In order to evaluate the machining angles, the force induced error/efficiency indicator (FEI) is defined as the division of the force induced error and the equal volume sphere of the removed material. FEI is dimensionless, with the lower FEI, the lower force induced error and the higher machining efficiency. For optimal selection of the machining angles, the critical FEI is calculated with the constraint of force induced error and the desired material removal rate, and the critical FEI separate the set of the machining angles into two subsets. After the feed rate scheduling process, the machining angles in the optimal subset would have higher machining accuracy and efficiency, while the machining angles in the other subset have lower machining accuracy and efficiency. Through the machining experiment of five axis machining and freeform surface machining, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed FEI method is verified with a bullnose end mill, which can improve the machining efficiency with the constraint of force induced error.     

Surface-improvement mechanism of hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses

Superalloys are commonly used in aircraft manufacturing; however, the requirements for high surface quality and machining accuracy make them difficult to machine. In this study, a hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses is proposed to achieve this target. In this method, electrochemical machining (ECM) and electrical discharge machining (EDM) are unified into a single process using a sequence of variable-amplitude pulses such that the machining process realizes both good surface finish and high machining accuracy. Furthermore, the machining mechanism of the hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses is studied. The mechanism is investigated by observations of machining waveforms and machined surface. It is found that, with a high-frequency transformation between high- and low-voltage waveforms within a voltage cycle, the machining mechanism is frequently transformed from EDM to pure ECM. The critical discharge voltage is 40 V. When pulse voltages greater than 40 V are applied, the machining accuracy is good; however, the surface has defects such as numerous discharge craters. High machining accuracy is maintained when high-voltage pulses are replaced by low-voltage pulses to enhance electrochemical dissolution. The results indicate that the proposed hybrid electrochemical discharge process using variable-amplitude pulses can yield high-quality surfaces with high machining accuracy.     

航空发动机进气旋流畸变研究综述

为完善和发展航空发动机进气旋流畸变研究体系,回顾了进气旋流畸变的产生与来源,概述了国内外模拟旋流畸变的方法。归纳总结了不同类型、不同结构的旋流畸变对压气机以及航空发动机性能和稳定性的影响。综合分析了当前旋流畸变研究存在的问题和困难,对旋流畸变的发展趋势进行了讨论,提出以下建议:发展可变式旋流畸变发生器;探究旋流畸变对发动机整机性能的影响机理,为有效扩稳打下基础;要利用多种途径开展旋流进气条件下的压气机/发动机扩稳研究;建立统一的旋流畸变评价指标,并纳入到综合畸变指数系统中;探索小畸变进气道的设计方法。     

显示界面字符编码工效设计与分析

针对人机显示界面中字符编码的工效设计问题,以封闭模拟驾驶舱为基础,采用32名被试开展静态模拟实验,选取反应时间和反应正确率为工效评价指标,得出不同光照水平、颜色匹配和字符高度下显示界面呈现的中文、英文、数字及符号的辨识绩效.实验结果表明:中/英文、数字和普通符号的辨识绩效差异显著；0 ～ 600 lx范围内4个水平光照变化对字符编码辨识绩效影响较小；颜色匹配方式对字符编码辨识绩效影响显著,黄/白、绿/青的字符/背景色匹配方式辨识绩效较差,在字符编码设计中尽量避免使用.通过实验结论及对实验数据的深入分析,建立显示界面字符编码设计的数学模型,为飞机驾驶舱人机显示界面编码设计提供参考.     

基于F代表点的高斯过程矩匹配滤波

提出了一种基于F偏差代表点的高斯过程矩匹配滤波方法。该方法通过高斯过程学习系统的过程函数和观测函数,在高斯矩匹配滤波的框架下利用F偏差代表点进行数值计算。在单变量非线性模型及静基座初始对准中进行的仿真实验表明,该方法的精度不低于解析计算的高斯过程假设密度滤波（GP-ADF）,远高于高斯过程无迹卡尔曼滤波（GP-UKF）。     

数控机床校准周期的合理确定

从具体实际出发，充分分析影响机床最终加工精度的诸多因素，应用田口方法科学合理地确定数控机床的最佳校准周期，保障机床加工过程的质量控制。     

Adjustment of systematic errors in ALS data through surface matching

Surface matching is a well researched topic in both Computer Vision (CV) and terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) or ground based light detection and ranging (LiDAR), but the extent of the range images derived from these technologies is typically orders of magnitude smaller than those derived from airborne laser scanning (ALS), also known as airborne LiDAR. Iterative closest point (ICP) and its variants have been successfully used to align and register multiple overlapping views of the range images for CV and TLS applications. However, many challenges are encountered in applying the ICP approach to ALS data sets. In this paper, we address these issues, explore the possibility of automating the algorithm, and present a technique to adjust systematic discrepancies in overlapping strips, using geometrical attributes in a given terrain. In this method, the ALS point samples used in the algorithm are selected depending on their ability to constrain the relative movement between the overlapping laser strips. The points from overlapping strips are matched through modified point to plane based on the ICP method.