空间目标轨道信息软件平台的建设

空间目标轨道信息是空间态势感知的重要要素,是空间碰撞预警、空间碎片环境模型和许多空间应用的基础。因而,空间目标轨道确定成为空间态势感知的主要任务之一。文章介绍武汉大学测绘学院正在开发建设的空间目标轨道信息服务软件平台,该平台拥有的主要功能有:利用多源数据的卫星/空间碎片轨道确定(包括初轨确定)与预报、大气质量密度模型精化、空间碰撞预警和半解析法快速精密轨道传播等。文章还针对软件平台功能的研究进展进行了综述,介绍了软件平台发展规划。     

A spectroscopic measurement of high velocity spray plasma from an M-class flare and coronal mass ejection

The M1.5-class flare and associated coronal mass ejection (CME) of 16 February 2011 was observed with the Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer on board the Hinode spacecraft. Spray plasma associated with the CME is found to exhibit a Doppler blue-shift of 850 km s^?1 – one of the largest values reported from spectroscopy of the solar disk and inner corona. The observation is unusual in that the emission line (Fe xii 193.51 Å) is not observed directly, but the Doppler shift is so large that the blue-shifted component appears in a wavelength window at 192.82 Å, intended to observe lines of O v, Fe xi and Ca xvii. The Fe xii 195.12 Å emission line is used as a proxy for the rest component of 193.51 Å. The observation highlights the risks of using narrow wavelength windows for spectrometer observations when observing highly-dynamic solar phenomena. The consequences of large Doppler shifts for ultraviolet solar spectrometers, including the upcoming Multi-slit Solar Explorer (MUSE) mission, are discussed.     

冰风洞过冷大水滴云雾水滴质量分布模拟

准确模拟过冷大水滴（Supercooled large droplet, SLD）云雾水滴质量分布是最新的结冰适航条款要求，也是当前冰风洞试验技术难点。以14CFR 25部附录O规定冻毛毛雨水滴累计质量分布曲线为目标，在冰风洞中开展过冷大水滴结冰条件模拟研究。基于水滴质量分布要求进行大水滴云雾与小水滴云雾匹配性分析，并在FL-61风洞喷雾系统现有条件下开展大水滴喷嘴喷雾性能测量，将生成的具有不同液态水含量（Liquid water content, LWC）和体积中值直径（Medium volume diameter, MVD）特征的云雾参数组合，在试验段中心位置生成了水滴质量分布曲线接近附录O规定的冻毛毛雨条件。研究结果表明，采用分别模拟相应水滴质量分布的大水滴和小水滴云雾，再进行组合喷雾能够较好地预测和指导在冰风洞中构造大水滴云雾，同时验证了在冰风洞内能够采用两种喷嘴模拟水滴质量为双峰分布云雾条件的可行性。     

空间大质量目标转位操作双臂协调控制方法

针对空间中双臂协调转位过程中面临的双臂异构、刚度不同、负载较大、测量/执行误差影响大、抓捕位置随机偏差等问题，提出了一种空间大质量目标转位操作双臂协调控制方法。首先基于双臂转位的几何约束，进行协调转位运动规划。然后，将双机械臂关节划分为主动关节和从动关节，并对主动关节设计关节位置控制器，对从动关节设计零力控制器，从动关节在转位目标的拖动力下进行跟随运动。最后，数学仿真表明了所提出的双臂协调转位方法的有效性。     

冲击/周期载荷作用下分布式调谐质量阻尼器对响应控制的影响

本文研究了采用分布式调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)对悬臂梁进行振动抑制的问题.首先建立了安装N个TMD的悬臂梁的动力学方程;然后通过有限单元法离散偏微分方程,使用Newmark-β法进行含TMD的悬臂梁动响应求解;最后基于数值计算模型,分别研究周期荷载与冲击荷载作用下,梁振动控制的效果.研究表明:TMD可以有效抑制悬臂梁振动...     

精量穴直播晚稻的产量形成特性研究

采用2种水稻密度的精量穴直播种植方式与人工移栽种植方式,对比研究了精量穴直播晚稻的产量形成特性.结果表明,2种密度的精量穴直播的实际产量比人工移栽的实际产量显著增加,分别增产2.75%～10.48%.精量穴直播较人工移栽的有效穗数多、结实率高.在孕穗期和齐穗期,精量穴直播的水稻叶片叶绿素含量显著高于人工移栽的,同时其光合速率也较高.     

未来智能化网络化多功能卫星系统技术发展思考

我国卫星领域经过几十年的发展，现在正面临技术创新突破的关键时期。以美国“星链”为代表的大规模星座系统的出现，展现了互联网+航天时代的前景雏形。同时，人工智能技术迅猛发展，神经网络、机器学习和大数据挖掘等成果转化应用，可大幅提升卫星自主运行、星上数据处理以及多任务适应能力。本文通过对近年来国外典型卫星系统发展进行深入解剖，从未来卫星网络化、智能化和多功能特点分析技术发展布局、应用模式创新和研产模式转型等影响，提出适应上述改变的举措建议，为我国卫星技术创新发展提供有益参考。     

Experimental study on dynamic behavior of mechanically pumped two-phase loop with a novel accumulator in simulated space environment

Mechanically pumped two-phase loop (MPTL) which is a prominent two-phase heat transfer technology presents a promising prospect in thermal control for space payload. However, transient behavior of MPTL caused by phase-change and heat sources load-on/off in simulated space environment is rarely reported. In the present study, one MPTL setup was designed and constructed, and experimentally studied. Particularly, a novel two-phase thermally-controlled accumulator integrated with passive cooling measure and three capillary structures was designed as the temperature-control device. Dynamic behavior of the start-up, temperature control, and temperature adjustment were monitored; meanwhile, thermodynamic behavior within the proposed accumulator, the operating behavior as well as the heat and mass transfer behavior between the main loop and the accumulator were revealed. The results show that the fluid management function of the capillary structures for the novel accumulator is verified. The working point of the MPTL system can be adjusted by changing the temperature control point of the accumulator and it is little influenced by external heat flux and heat sources on/off. Pressure-drop oscillations which are manifested as fluctuations of temperature and pressure can be observed after phase changing due to the compressible volume within the accumulator and the negative-slope portion of the internal pressure.     

基于视惯融合的大型空间碎片质心位置辨识

大型自由翻滚碎片的质心是在轨操作基坐标系下的不动点，也是碎片连体基下动力学参数向卫星坐标系转换的基准，对其精确识别是提高碎片动力学参数辨识精度的关键。提出基于惯性单元测量数据与双目视觉定位数据融合的大型空间碎片质心位置识别方法。基于无力矩欧拉方程，获取附着到空间碎片表面的惯性单元间转换关系，利用该转换关系对惯性单元冗余测量数据优化，再优化求解惯性单元到质心点距离；利用双目视觉获取惯性单元上标记点动态坐标，再利用惯性单元到质心点距离，基于三点定位原理识别大型空间碎片的质心位置。以加入高斯白噪声的惯性单元与双目视觉测量数据进行仿真，结果表明优化解算后惯性单元实时测量数据的误差降低到1%以下，解算的质心位置三轴误差小于0.47mm；开展了地面试验，结果表明，解算的质心位置三轴误差小于0.49mm。仿真和试验证明，该方法能够为大型空间碎片的消旋、捕获任务提供准确的数据基准。     

Statistical analysis of the occurrence rate of geomagnetic storms during solar cycles 20–24

This study examines the occurrences rate of geomagnetic storms during the solar cycles (SCs) 20–24. It also investigates the solar sources at SCs 23 and 24. The Disturbed storm time (Dst) and Sunspot Number (SSN) data were used in the study. The study establishes that the magnitude of the rate of occurrences of geomagnetic storms is higher (lower) at the descending phases (minimum phases) of solar cycle. It as well reveals that severe and extreme geomagnetic storms (Dst < -250 nT) seldom occur at low solar activity but at very high solar activity and are mostly associated with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) when occurred. Storms caused by CME + CH-HSSW are more prominent during the descending phase than any other phase of the solar cycle. Solar minimum features more CH-HSSW- associated storms than any other phase. It was also revealed that all high intensity geomagnetic storms (strong, severe and extreme) are mostly associated with CMEs. However, CH-HSSW can occasionally generate strong storms during solar minimum. The results have proven that CMEs are the leading cause of geomagnetic storms at the ascending, maximum and the descending phases of the cycles 23 and 24 followed by CME + CH-HSSW. The results from this study indicate that the rate of occurrence of geomagnetic storms could be predicted in SC phases.