Large-scale waves in the solar corona: The continuing debate

Ten years after the first observation of large-scale wave-like coronal disturbances with the EIT instrument aboard SOHO, the most crucial questions concerning these “EIT waves” are still being debated controversially – what is their actual physical nature, and how are they launched? Possible explanations include MHD waves or shocks, launched by flares or driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs), as well as models where coronal waves are not actually waves at all, but generated by successive “activation” of magnetic fieldlines in the framework of a CME. Here, we discuss recent observations that might help to discriminate between the different models. We focus on strong coronal wave events that do show chromospheric Moreton wave signatures. It is stressed that multiwavelength observations with high time cadence are particularly important, ideally when limb events with CME observations in the low corona are available. Such observations allow for a detailed comparison of the kinematics of the wave, the CME and the associated type II radio burst. For Moreton-associated coronal waves, we find strong evidence for the wave/shock scenario. Furthermore, we argue that EIT waves are actually generated by more than one physical process, which might explain some of the issues which have made the interpretation of these phenomena so controversial.     

On the relation of the Forbush decreases detected by ASEC monitors during the 23rd solar activity cycle with ICME parameters

To improve the physical understanding of the Forbush decreases (FD) and to explore the Space Weather drivers, we need to measure as much geospace parameter as possible, including the changing fluxes of secondary cosmic rays. At the Aragats Space Environmental Center (ASEC) are routinely measured the neutral and charged fluxes of secondary cosmic rays. Each of species has different most probable energy of primary “parent” proton/nuclei. Therefore, the energy range of the Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) affected by Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection (ICME) can be effectively estimated using data of the ASEC monitors. We presented relations of the magnitude of FD observed in different secondary particle fluxes to the most probable energy of the primary protons. We investigate the correlations between the magnitude of FD with the size, speed, density and magnetic field of the ICME. We demonstrate that the attenuation of the GCR flux incident on the Earth’s atmosphere due to passing of the ICME is dependent on the speed and size of the ICME and the magnetic field strength.     

航天器分子污染计算方法综述

随着对航天器长寿命、高可靠、高性能要求的不断提高,污染逐渐成为影响任务成功的重要因素之一。数值模拟是评估分子污染的主要手段之一。文章对航天器分子污染计算方法进行了总结,详细介绍了污染源、污染沉积及效应、污染传输的模型以及计算方法。     

确定自旋航天器旋转轴的动平衡方法

本文研究自旋航天器的旋转轴的试验测定方法，给出自旋轴方向的表示方法及其与转动惯量，惯性积的关系，建立了利用动平衡试验的不平衡量确定自旋轴相对平衡旋转轴偏差的计算机公式，从而可以利用动平衡试验的测试结果确定自自旋轴的方向，文末的例中讨论了动平衡机的最小可达剩余不平衡量对试验结果的影响。     

立式偏心仪

阐述了立式偏心仪的结构原理、重心位置的确定方法和误差分析。     

对红外成像制导导弹的干扰

在研究红外成像制导原理和性能的基础上，着重研究了红外干扰弹对红外制导导弹的干扰机理和技术，并对引外干扰弹的参数选择进行了讨论。     

H-450 X射线参考辐射质的研建及验证

根据PTB和ISO 4037-1:2019要求,关于高空气比释动能系列（H系列）X射线参考辐射质的推荐数据,外推得出H-450的附加过滤为6.24 mm Cu,第一半值层（HVL_1st）为(5.39~5.52)mm Cu,平均光子能量为(214.25~214.78)keV,剂量率为11.51 Gy/h（距离焦斑为1 m处,管电流为10 mA）。随后,使用PTW32005电离室作为测量器具,采用半值层法建立H-450 X射线参考辐射质,得出HVL_1st为5.37 mm Cu,第二半值层（HVL_2nd）为5.97 mm Cu,同质系数为0.9。最后,使用PTW30013次级标准电离室测量得出H-450 X射线参考辐射质下距离焦斑1 m,管电流为10 mA时的剂量率值为11.98 Gy/h,与理论值的相对误差为4.07 %。采用MCNP 5软件对H-450 X射线参考辐射质进行能谱模拟并计算得出其平均光子能量为200.4 keV。     

液氮贮箱常压停放实验与数值仿真

为研究低温推进剂的常压停放过程,设计了可视化液氮贮箱实验系统。实验中研究充填率和环境温度对液氮汽化量的影响,并测量贮箱内流体和贮箱外壁面的温度随时间和位置的变化。实验得出贮箱常压停放过程,相变主要在壁面和气液界面产生,并且气枕区存在温度分层,距出口位置越近温度越高;而液体区温度基本一致,处于饱和状态。贮箱外壁面在轴向的温度分布显著不同,处于液体区壁面温度低。运用分子动力学推导出的Hertz-Knudsen公式作为气液相变的传热传质源项,并据实验测得温度边界条件,采用混合物模型对贮箱常压停放状态进行30 min的数值仿真。仿真得到结果显示体积汽化速率与实验数据的偏差在5%以内,液体区的温度仿真与实验的偏差在0.15 K左右。      

用CT值推导人体组织属性参数的方法及改进

蒙特卡罗方法是计算精度最高的人体组织剂量计算方法。常见的蒙特卡罗模拟程序,如M CNP,EG S4等都自带了各种介质的截面数据,而剂量计算的一个重要步骤就是得到人体组织的属性参数——质量密度和化学组成。本文主要介绍了两种根据医学影像CT值推导人体组织属性参数的方法——区间法和两分法,并经过分析比较认为两分法比区间法具有更高的精确度和可行性。同时,针对两分法存在的不足和缺陷,本文将CT值全范围划分为七段,根据两分法的假设条件假设每一段均由两种不同的人体组织混合而成。在每一段CT值范围内,人体组织的质量密度和化学组成通过对两种假定物质参数的拟合得到。结果说明该方法所得到的人体组织属性参数完全可以满足蒙特卡罗人体组织剂量计算的要求。