液氮贮箱常压停放实验与数值仿真

为研究低温推进剂的常压停放过程,设计了可视化液氮贮箱实验系统。实验中研究充填率和环境温度对液氮汽化量的影响,并测量贮箱内流体和贮箱外壁面的温度随时间和位置的变化。实验得出贮箱常压停放过程,相变主要在壁面和气液界面产生,并且气枕区存在温度分层,距出口位置越近温度越高;而液体区温度基本一致,处于饱和状态。贮箱外壁面在轴向的温度分布显著不同,处于液体区壁面温度低。运用分子动力学推导出的Hertz-Knudsen公式作为气液相变的传热传质源项,并据实验测得温度边界条件,采用混合物模型对贮箱常压停放状态进行30 min的数值仿真。仿真得到结果显示体积汽化速率与实验数据的偏差在5%以内,液体区的温度仿真与实验的偏差在0.15 K左右。      

航天器分子污染计算方法综述

随着对航天器长寿命、高可靠、高性能要求的不断提高,污染逐渐成为影响任务成功的重要因素之一。数值模拟是评估分子污染的主要手段之一。文章对航天器分子污染计算方法进行了总结,详细介绍了污染源、污染沉积及效应、污染传输的模型以及计算方法。     

环氧树脂648和TDE-85的质子辐照损伤效应研究

通过地面模拟空间环境质子辐照条件(质子能量Ep=150keV,束流密度A=2.0×1012cm-2·s-1,辐照剂量范围Φ=(0～5.0)×1016cm-2;真空度10-6Pa,环境温度120 K),研究了不同辐照剂量下环氧树脂浇注体648和TDE-85的质量损失、弯曲强度和表面相糙度的变化.试验结果表明,随着辐照剂量的增加,质量损失呈现先加速递增后趋于平缓的趋势;648的弯曲强度呈单边下降趋势,TDE-85的弯曲强度呈现先上升后下降的趋势,树脂表面产生了碳化效应,表面粗糙度发生了不同程度的变化.     

确定自旋航天器旋转轴的动平衡方法

本文研究自旋航天器的旋转轴的试验测定方法，给出自旋轴方向的表示方法及其与转动惯量，惯性积的关系，建立了利用动平衡试验的不平衡量确定自旋轴相对平衡旋转轴偏差的计算机公式，从而可以利用动平衡试验的测试结果确定自自旋轴的方向，文末的例中讨论了动平衡机的最小可达剩余不平衡量对试验结果的影响。     

立式偏心仪

阐述了立式偏心仪的结构原理、重心位置的确定方法和误差分析。     

对红外成像制导导弹的干扰

在研究红外成像制导原理和性能的基础上，着重研究了红外干扰弹对红外制导导弹的干扰机理和技术，并对引外干扰弹的参数选择进行了讨论。     

Solar and interplanetary precursors of geomagnetic storms in solar cycle 23

Estimating the magnetic storm effectiveness of solar and associated interplanetary phenomena is of practical importance for space weather modelling and prediction. This article presents results of a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the probable causes of geomagnetic storms during the 11-year period of solar cycle 23: 1996–2006. Potential solar causes of 229 magnetic storms (Dst ? −50 nT) were investigated with a particular focus on halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs). A 5-day time window prior to the storm onset was considered to track backward the Sun’s eruptions of halo CMEs using the SOHO/LASCO CMEs catalogue list. Solar and interplanetary (IP) properties associated with halo CMEs were investigated and correlated to the resulting geomagnetic storms (GMS). In addition, a comparative analysis between full and partial halo CME-driven storms is established. The results obtained show that about 83% of intense storms (Dst ? −100 nT) were associated with halo CMEs. For moderate storms (−100 nT < Dst ? −50 nT), only 54% had halo CME background, while the remaining 46% were assumed to be associated with corotating interaction regions (CIRs) or undetected frontside CMEs. It was observed in this study that intense storms were mostly associated with full halo CMEs, while partial halo CMEs were generally followed by moderate storms. This analysis indicates that up to 86% of intense storms were associated with interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) at 1 AU, as compared to moderate storms with only 44% of ICME association. Many other quantitative results are presented in this paper, providing an estimate of solar and IP precursor properties of GMS within an average 11-year solar activity cycle. The results of this study constitute a key step towards improving space weather modelling and prediction.     

Short term topological changes of coronal holes associated with prominence eruptions and subsequent CMEs

We study the short-term topological changes of equatorial and polar coronal hole (CH) boundaries, such as a variation of their area and disintegration, associated to reconnection with nearby (within 15° distance) quiescent prominence magnetic fields leading to eruptions and subsequent Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs). The examples presented here correspond to the recent solar minimum years 2008 and 2009. We consider a temporal window of one day between the CH topological changes and the start and end times of prominence eruptions and onset of CMEs. To establish this association we took into account observational conditions related to the instability of prominence/filaments, the occurrence of a CME, as well as the subsequent evolution after the CME. We found an association between short-term local topological changes in CH boundaries and the formation/disappearance of bright points near them, as well as, between short-term topological changes within the whole CH and eruptions of nearby quiescent prominences followed by the appearance of one or more CMEs.     

CME dynamics using coronagraph and interplanetary ejecta data

In this work, we present a study of the coronal mass ejection (CME) dynamics using LASCO coronagraph observations combined with in-situ ACE plasma and magnetic field data, covering a continuous period of time from January 1997 to April 2001, complemented by few extreme events observed in 2001 and 2003. We show, for the first time, that the CME expansion speed correlates very well with the travel time to 1 AU of the interplanetary ejecta (or ICMEs) associated with the CMEs, as well as with their preceding shocks. The events analyzed in this work are a subset of the events studied in Schwenn et al. (2005), from which only the CMEs associated with interplanetary ejecta (ICMEs) were selected. Three models to predict CME travel time to Earth, two proposed by Gopalswamy et al. (2001) and one by Schwenn et al. (2005), were used to characterize the dynamical behavior of this set of events. Extreme events occurred in 2001 and 2003 were used to test the prediction capability of the models regarding CMEs with very high LASCO C3 speeds.