基于特征点位置及速度的空间非合作目标质心位置测量方法

对于空间非合作目标,地面上所用的质心位置测量方法难以实现。提出了一种应用摄像测量学实现质心位置测量的新方法。首先采用双相机对目标进行拍摄,通过特征点的匹配计算目标表面上特征点的位置及速度;再通过这些特征点的位置及速度,结合刚体运动学理论,计算目标的质心位置。仿真结果表明,本方法可以有效地实现目标的质心位置测量。     

涡轮与冲压组合动力高温进气预冷特性

针对涡轮基冲压组合循环发动机中高温进气影响涡轮发动机性能的问题,开展实际某高空模拟试验进气预冷段的数值分析.基于欧拉-拉格朗日多相流方法解析气液两相热质传输过程,探索射流冷却对不同高空高马赫数进气条件时预冷段内温度和压力的沿程变化规律.结果表明,射流冷却对流场具有明显地温降效果.带有射流装置的预冷段内流动损失是以由黏性...     

TiN/Ti强韧涂层在砂尘高速冲蚀下的失效机理

利用高速连续冲蚀试验系统,在不同的冲击角及供砂量下,对有无TiN/Ti强韧涂层的不锈钢试件进行了砂尘高速冲蚀试验,获得了试件的质量冲蚀率。采用扫描电镜(SEM)对涂层损伤表面及断面形貌进行观测与分析,研究TiN/Ti涂层在不同冲击条件下的失效机理。结果表明:TiN/Ti涂层质量冲蚀率随冲击角及供砂量的增加而增加。在低冲击角下,砂尘粒子的切削作用是导致涂层材料剥落的主要原因;高冲击角下,砂尘冲击引起的裂纹萌生及扩展致使涂层材料块状破碎而剥落。TiN/Ti涂层显著提高了不锈钢的抗冲蚀性能,尤其是在低冲击角下。低冲击角下,涂层能将不锈钢的冲蚀性能提高约5倍;高冲击角下能提高约2倍。      

发动机零部件稳态应力计算的状态函数法

An opti mization process is used to redesign blades of a high-pressure compressor.An artificial neural network (ANN) method is coupled to Navier-Stokes solvers and is applied to three different redesigns.A newrotor blade of a transonic compressor is designed by modifying thick, stacking line andinlet angle using a 3Dapproach, with a significant efficiencyi mprovement at the design point.The off-design behavior of this new compressor is also checked afterwards, which shows that the whole performance of the inlet stage is improved over a wide range of mass flow.The losses are reduced, proving the good performance of the opti mum.The whole results indicate that the opti mization method can find i mproved design and can be integrated in a design procedure.      

Evidence for a Two-Stage Acceleration Process in Large Solar Energetic Particle Events

Using high-resolution mass spectrometers on board the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE), we surveyed the event-averaged ∼0.1–60 MeV/nuc heavy ion elemental composition in 64 large solar energetic particle (LSEP) events of cycle 23. Our results show the following: (1) The Fe/O ratio decreases with increasing energy up to ∼10 MeV/nuc in ∼92% of the events and up to ∼60 MeV/nuc in ∼64% of the events. (2) The rare isotope ³He is greatly enhanced over the corona or the solar wind values in 46% of the events. (3) The heavy ion abundances are not systematically organized by the ion’s M/Q ratio when compared with the solar wind values. (4) Heavy ion abundances from C–Fe exhibit systematic M/Q-dependent enhancements that are remarkably similar to those seen in ³He-rich SEP events and CME-driven interplanetary (IP) shock events. Taken together, these results confirm the role of shocks in energizing particles up to ∼60 MeV/nuc in the majority of large SEP events of cycle 23, but also show that the seed population is not dominated by ions originating from the ambient corona or the thermal solar wind, as previously believed. Rather, it appears that the source material for CME-associated large SEP events originates predominantly from a suprathermal population with a heavy ion enrichment pattern that is organized according to the ion’s mass-per-charge ratio. These new results indicate that current LSEP models must include the routine production of this dynamic suprathermal seed population as a critical pre-cursor to the CME shock acceleration process.     

尾缘冷却跨声速涡轮气动特性的数值模拟

为了明确跨声速涡轮中尾缘冷却措施的引入对其气动性能的影响,针对跨声速涡轮叶栅中压力面半劈缝尾缘冷却方式和尾缘全劈缝冷却方式条件下,叶栅性能和尾缘激波系结构的变化进行了数值研究。结果显示,两种尾缘冷却措施都降低了叶栅能量损失系数,压力面半劈缝尾缘冷却方式效果更好,最佳情况损失系数下降达到48%。冷却流量对作用效果有一定影响,存在最佳值。冷却措施的引入显著改变了尾缘激波系结构,尤其对PSEJ冷却方式,将尾缘激波系压力面分支由原本一道强激波分成三道弱激波。     

喉部不对称对微喷管性能影响

以FLUENT 6.1软件为工具,利用数值计算求解二维稳态可压缩Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程,模拟了微喷管内超声速流体流动,分析了喷管喉部结构不对称对喷管内部的流场和喷管性能的影响.这种喉部结构不对称是由于喉部上下顶点在x方向偏离一定距离所造成的.数值计算结果表明,喷管喉部在流体流动方向的不对称,将导致喷管内部流体流场不平衡性,使得流量增大,喷管出口的x方向推力增加,y方向产生了多余的推力.      

某型飞机发动机短舱热气防冰系统性能数值模拟

使用三维内外强固传热耦合方法计算校核发动机短舱热气防冰系统的性能,并分析发动机进气流量对蒙皮表面温度的影响.内、外部表面传热系数计算均采用纯三维的CFD方法,在内、外部网格数据交互时使用了距离加权反比插值法.通过计算获得发动机短舱的局部水收集系数、蒙皮表面温度的分布情况、各处溢流水量,并由此判定此防冰系统性能是否达到要求.分析表明此发动机短舱热气防冰系统符合防冰性能要求;当发动机进气流量增大时,蒙皮表面温度下降,且溢流水量增加.     

两冕流间物质抛射事件的数值模拟

二维磁流体力学方程数值敢两冕流间的日冕物质抛射事件。为了能重现两冕流间ＣＭＥ的基本特征,本文在加入一定强度的扰动热压的同时,叠加了一个由圆线电流产生的闭合磁场。模拟结果表明,此类扰动能形成明显的高密度等离子体环形结构,且外环后随一暗脸。它们在径向和横向 都存在不同程度的膨胀。     

空间站太阳能蓄热/吸热器轻量化研究

为了降低太阳能热动力发电系统中关键部件吸热器的质量,在NASA2kW吸热器样机的基础上建立了吸热器的物理和传热过程及流阻的数学模型,编制了吸热器传热及质量计算的数值模拟程序,分析了结构参数和特性参数对质量的影响。结果表明,在一定的设计要求下,合理的选取工质传热管的直径和数目、能量转换单元的转速、压缩机入口温度和回热器回热度等参数,可以明显降低吸热器质量的影响,为吸热器的设计提供了理论依据。