超燃冲压发动机燃烧室新型热结构的优化设计

为了探寻超燃冲压发动机工程设计的方法,解决超燃冲压发动机燃烧室严峻的热防护问题,设计了一种基于碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料的复合结构形式的主动冷却结构方案;建立了超燃冲压发动机燃烧室热结构设计模型和燃烧室惰性质量估算模型;基于遗传算法,以热结构各层厚度、槽宽、肋宽和肋高为待优化参数,进行了单目标和多目标优化设计。以燃烧室惰性质量最小为目标进行优化设计后,惰性质量减少了21.7%,得到最小惰性质量下的热结构尺寸;以惰性质量最小、冷却液流量系数最低为目标进行优化设计后,得到了Pareto最优前沿及对应的热结构尺寸。     

柔性机器人避动力奇异方法的研究

对柔性机器人避动力奇异的方法进行了研究,得出当机器人第i阶模态频率与模态激振力某阶频率相等,且模态激振力比较大时,机器人就会出现动力奇异问题的结论;分析了机器人的结构参数和运动参数是影响其固有频率的因素,提出了在不改变机器人预定工作任务的情况下,对已有的机器人可以通过在其柔性臂上附加一质量块以调节机器人的固有频率,从而避免动力奇异问题的发生;同时给出了附加质量块的规划策略,并以一末杆为柔杆的空间三杆机器人为例,验证了所提方法的有效性.该方法也适用于其它一般机械系统.     

Energetic particle signatures of geoeffective coronal mass ejections

We have studied statistically associations of moderate and intense geomagnetic storms with coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and energetic particle events. The goal was to identify specific energetic particle signatures, which could be used to improve the predictions of the geoeffectiveness of full and partial halo CMEs. Protons in the range 1–110 MeV from the ERNE experiment onboard SOHO are used in the analysis. The study covers the time period from August 1996 to July 2000. We demonstrate the feasibility of energetic particle observations as an additional source of information in evaluating the geoeffectiveness of full and partial halo CMEs. Based on the observed onset times of solar energetic particle (SEP) events and energetic storm particle (ESP) events, we derive a proxy for the transit times of shocks driven by the interplanetary counterparts of coronal mass ejections from the Sun to the Earth. For a limited number of geomagnetic storms which can be associated to both SEP and ESP signatures, we found that this transit time correlates with the strength of geomagnetic storms.     

Solar proton enhancements in different energy channels and coronal mass ejections during the last solar cycle

The main properties of 11622 coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed by the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) mission’s Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO-C2) from January 1996 through December 2006 are considered. Moreover, the extended database of solar proton enhancements (SPEs) with proton flux >0.1 pfu at energy >10 MeV measured at the Earth’s orbit is also studied. A comparison of these databases gives new results concerning the sources and acceleration mechanisms of solar energetic particles. Specifically, coronal mass ejections with width >180° (wide) and linear speed >800 km/s (fast) seem they have the best correlation with solar proton enhancements. The study of some specific solar parameters, such as soft X-ray flares, sunspot numbers, solar flare index etc. has showed that the soft X-ray flares with importance >M5 may provide a reasonable proxy index for the SPE production rate. From this work, it is outlined that the good relation of the fast and wide coronal mass ejections to proton enhancements seems to lead to a similar conclusion. In spite of the fact that in the case of CMEs the statistics cover only the last solar cycle, while the measurements of SXR flares are extended over three solar cycles, it is obvious for the studied period that the coronal mass ejections can also provide a good index for the solar proton production.     

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections during the descending cycle 23: Sheath and ejecta properties comparison

We have used Omniweb data in order to identify the sheath and the ejecta boundaries of 67 shock-driving interplanetary coronal mass ejections during the time period 2003–2006. We examine and compare their statistical properties (speed, magnetic field strength, proton density and temperature, proton plasma beta), with those of the typical solar wind. We also calculate their passage time and radial width. We study the correlation between the ejecta and sheath characteristics.     

深空探测器在轨推力器参数辨识方法

针对中国首次自主火星探测任务需要,结合环绕器质量特性和推进系统布局构型,分析了喷气卸载对整器角动量的影响。在分析的基础上,通过飞轮卸载前后三轴转速变化规律,计算整器角动量变化情况,并解算出每次喷气时产生的冲量及推力方向偏差;通过同组推力器作用时对各轴的扰动,解算整器质心坐标。利用在轨数据分析了天问一号探测器巡航段6次使用不同推力器的喷气卸载情况,解算的推力器方向偏差、质心坐标和地面设计值进行比对,实测推力方向偏差不超过0.6°,质心绝对偏差小于18mm,验证了计算方法的有效性和正确性,可作为后续轨控任务的点火方向制定、燃料预算的输入依据。     

高马赫数射流预冷试验装置设计及试验验证

为加速中国射流预冷技术的研究,设计了1套基于高马赫数的射流预冷试验装置。对试验装置需满足的功能流程和设计需求进行了识别,明确了试验装置的组成;对试验段和水系统的结构进行了详细设计,提出了直杆型和圆环型2种不同喷杆布局的射流段,并对使用2种射流段时试验段的流场均匀性进行了分析,认为直杆型射流段的温度场和压力场分布更加均匀;选取几种典型的试验工况,对所设计的试验装置进行了温降特性、总压恢复系数以及流场均匀性等试验验证。结果表明:试验装置总体运行良好,结构设计合理,能够完成全工况下的射流预冷试验,其温降特性、总压恢复系数和流场均匀性符合试验预期,研究成果对中国航空领域射流预冷发动机的研制具有指导意义。     

射流预冷对涡扇发动机控制计划的影响及验证

射流预冷(MIPCC)会导致发动机共同工作线会发生改变,进而影响发动机的工作特性.通过分析射流预冷对双转子涡扇发动机部件和整机的影响,特别是射流预冷对高低压转子转差的影响,掌握了射流预冷对控制计划的影响特性,在此基础上完善了相关控制计划,并通过试验验证了控制计划的有效性,结果表明:发动机低压转子转速控制静差由2.6％减...     

变外涵工况下风扇增压级双涵匹配机理

针对某型民机大涵道比风扇增压级,在不同外涵工况下开展数值计算,旨在研究风扇增压级双涵性能匹配规律和相应机理。通过分析计算结果,掌握了外涵工况对内涵特性的影响规律:当外涵工况从近堵点移向近喘点的过程中,内涵的流量、总压比、效率逐渐增大,且内涵稳定裕度呈持续增大的变化规律。同时也在获取内涵特性时,掌握了外涵气动性能的变化规律,在不同外涵工况下阐明了内涵逼喘过程中双涵气动性能的相互匹配机理取决于风扇的总压比?流量特性和内外涵流量再分配机制的共同作用。      

基于蒙特卡罗法的航空发动机稳态空气系统网络计算

为了解决目前稳态空气系统算法在求解复杂网络时不容易获得收敛解的问题,将航空发动机稳态空气系统简化为由节点和元件组成的网络,借助概率思想计算连续性方程和能量方程,建立相应的随机游动模型,运用蒙特卡罗方法求解各节点的压力,再根据流量与元件两端压力的关系,计算流经各元件的流体流量。将计算得到的不同工况下航空发动机稳态空气系统内部节点的压力和流量值,与flowmaster计算结果进行比较,二者吻合较好,压力最大偏差为0.628%。蒙特卡罗方法与网络法相比,优势在于计算简便,且不会出现无法求解复杂空气系统网络的情况。