Direct thrust test and asymmetric performance of porous ionic liquid electrospray thruster

In order to meet the demand of CubeSats for low power and high-performance micro-propulsion system, a porous ionic liquid electrospray thruster prototype is developed in this study. 10 × 10 conical emitter arrays are fabricated on an area of 3.24 cm² by computer numerical control machining technology. The propellant is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. The overall dimension of the assembled prototype is 3 cm × 3 cm × 1 cm, with a total weight of about 15 g (with propellant). The performance of this prototype is tested under vacuum. The results show that it can work in the voltage range of ±2.0 kV to ±3.0 kV, and the maximum emission current and input power are about 355 μA and 1.12 W. Time of Flight (TOF) mass spectrometry results show that cationic monomers and dimers dominate the beam in positive mode, while a higher proportion of higher-order solvated ion clusters in negative mode. The maximum specific impulse is 2992 s in positive mode and 849 s in negative mode. The thrust is measured in two methods: one is calculated by TOF results and the other is directly measured by high-precision torsional thrust stand. The thrust (T) obtained by these two methods conforms to a certain scaling law with respect to the emission current (I_em) and the applied voltage (V_app), following the scale of T ∼ I_emV_app^0.5, and the thrust range is from 2.1 μN to 42.6 μN. Many thruster performance parameters are significantly different in positive and negative modes. We speculate that due to the higher solvation energy of the anion, more solvated ion clusters are formed rather than pure ions under the same electric field. It may help to improve thruster performance if porous materials with smaller pore sizes are used as reservoirs. Although there are still many problems, most of the performance parameters of ILET-3 are good, which can theoretically meet the requirements of CubeSats for micro-propulsion system.     

导弹质量特性测量装置设计

设计了一种导弹质量、质心、转动惯量一体化测量设备，可在同一台设备设计上完成导弹质量、轴向和径向质心、俯仰偏航方向的转动惯量测量。该装置主要由测试平台、活动支架、沿导弹纵轴滑动的精确定位机构、三个测力传感器和一个倒扭摆机构组成。了该装置质量特性测量方法，定量分析了测量误差，并总结了此类装置设计的几个关键问题。     

虚拟仪器技术在发动机质心测量中的应用

研究了虚拟仪器技术在发动机质心测量中的应用，建立了电测系统的误差模型，对电测系统的误差进行校正，最终测试结果表明整个测量系统的测量精度得到了提高。     

多分支管道若干流动现象和特性的探讨

在稳定的多分支管道流动中，对于相同的主管道流量，各分支管道中可以有不同的稳定流动状况与之对应．分支管道中的稳定流动状态，不仅取决于主管道中的流量，而且取决于主管道和分支管道中的流量调整变化过程．实验表明：对于具有相同尺寸，相同几何形状的多个分支管道而言，分支管道距主管道入口端的位置顺序越靠前，则通过该分支管道的流量越小．虽然实验中的多分支管道流动是属于非常复杂的湍流，但实验表明主管道的流量与各分支管道的流量之间存在一简单的线性关系．实验还表明，主管道入口的壁面静压与备分支管道出口的壁面静压之间存在抛物线关系．     

Coronal mass ejections acceleration problem

A statistical study of acceleration and its error of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed by the Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) is performed. A total of 5594 CMEs events have been analyzed by using a least-square method and using the error in the height measures. We verify that slower CMEs (velocities in the interval from 200 to 500 km s⁻¹) tend to have a positive acceleration (about 1 m s⁻²) at heights above 5 solar radii, while less than 10% CMEs show an average negative acceleration (about −2.2 m s⁻²) as they propagate from 5 to 30 solar radii. For most individual CMEs one can not say if they are accelerated or decelerated, only for 8% of all observed CMEs events one can extract the sign of the acceleration in the 5–30 solar radii.     

Interpretation of the SOHO/UVCS observations of two CME-driven shocks

We report on the analysis of two fast CME-driven shocks observed with the UltraViolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). The first event, detected on 2002 March 22 at 4.1 R_⊙ with the UVCS slit placed in correspondence with the flank of the expanding CME surface, represents the highest UV detection of a shock obtained so far with the UVCS instrument in the corona. The second one, detected on 2002 July 23 at 1.6 R_⊙ with the UVCS slit placed in correspondence with the front of the expanding CME surface, shows an anomalous deficiency of ion heating with respect to what observed in previous CME/shocks observed by UVCS, possibly reflecting the effect of different coronal plasma conditions over the solar cycle. From the two different sets of observations we derived an estimate for the shock compression ratio X, which turns out to be X = 2.4 ± 0.2 and X = 2.2 ± 0.1, respectively, for the first and second event. Comparison between the two events provides complementary perspectives on the dynamical evolution of CME-driven shocks.     

A new eclipsing low-mass X-ray binary with a giant companion

We detected hard X-ray emission from the unidentified Galactic bulge source 1RXS J175721.2-304405 with ASCA. The observed absorption column, flux and power-law index led us to consider that 1RXS J175721.2-304405 may be a new low-mass X-ray binary located near the Galactic center. Furthermore, the X-ray light-curve shows a step-function-like time variability, which is likely due to the occultation of a companion star. Future follow-up observations by missions such as ASTROSAT may reveal a periodic eclipse from 1RXS J175721.2-304405 if it is covered long enough. Since the long orbital period suggests a giant companion, follow-up observations will give firm evidence that 1RXS J175721.2-304405 is a new and rare eclipsing low-mass X-ray binary with a giant companion.     

考虑质心漂移的载人月面着陆器自适应姿态跟踪控制

月面着陆器在下降着陆过程中质量变化大,质心漂移及其引起的姿态扰动问题突出。载人月面着陆任务对安全性可靠性要求高,如何提高姿态控制的精度和稳定度是着陆任务顺利实施的关键。文章提出采用反作用控制系统和推力矢量控制的联合姿态控制方案,设计了自适应姿态控制器及质心漂移自适应估计器,通过李雅普洛夫方法证明闭环姿态控制系统稳定,引入反作用控制和推力矢量控制的误差特性以检验控制器的鲁棒性。数值仿真结果表明该控制方案可行,所设计自适应姿态控制器能使姿态控制系统稳定,推力矢量控制侧摆能使推力指向跟踪质心,可为工程应用提供参考。     

克服旋转导弹螺旋运动的方法研究

本文结合旋转导弹自身的特点，提出了一种通过主动控制弹体内部活动质量块的运动来克服旋转弹螺旋运动的方法，这将有助于提高旋转导弹的合中精度。文中针对大气层外飞行的旋转导弹进行仿真研究，计算结果证实了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

乙烯基硅橡胶生胶中低分子的脱除

由于硅橡胶是用催化平衡的方法制备，生胶中含有约3％的挥发性的低分子量环体，会对硅橡胶的热真空失重（TML）、可凝挥发物性能（CVCM）有极大影响。为使所制得的硅橡胶符合空间级材料要求，分别采用溶剂抽提法和热真空处理法来脱除乙烯基硅橡胶中的小分子，通过比较处理前后硅橡胶的分子量及其分布、TML、CVCM，对比了两种方法脱除小分子的效果；并制备得到了符合空间级标准的硅橡胶。