CME–flare association during the 23rd solar cycle

The relation between coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar flares are statistically studied. More than 10,000 CME events observed by SOHO/LASCO during the period 1996–2005 have been analyzed. The soft X-ray flux measurements provided by the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES), recorded more than 20,000 flares in the same time period. The data is filtered under certain temporal and spatial conditions to select the CME–flare associated events. The results show that CME–flare associated events are triggered with a lift-off time within the range 0.4–1.0 h. We list a set of 41 CME–flare associated events satisfying the temporal and spatial conditions. The listed events show a good correlation between the CME energy and the X-ray flux of the CME–flare associated events with correlation coefficient of 0.76.     

Research Advances of Solar Corona and Interplanetary Physics in China: 2012–2014

Solar transients and their related interplanetary counterparts have severe effects on the space environments of the Earth. Therefore, the research of solar corona and interplanetary physics has become the focus of study for both solar and space scientists. Considerable progress has been achieved in these aspects by the solar and space physics community of China during 2012–2014, which will be given in this report. The brief report summarizes the research advances of solar corona and interplanetary physics into the following parts: solar wind origin and turbulence, coronal waves and seismology, solar eruptions, solar energetic particle and galactic cosmic ray, magnetic reconnection,Magnetohydrodynamic(MHD) models and their applications, waves and structures in solar wind,propagation of ICMEs/shocks and their arrival time predictions. These research achievements have been achieved by Chinese solar and space scientists independently or via international collaborations.     

Validation of a Compression Mass Gauge using ground tests for liquid propellant mass measurements

To properly estimate orbital lifetimes and predict the maneuverability of spacecraft, the remaining liquid propellant mass must be accurately known at every moment of a space mission. This paper studies the Compression Mass Gauge (CMG) method to determine the mass of liquid contained in a tank in a low-gravity environment with high accuracy. CMG is a thermodynamic method used to determine the quantity of liquid by measuring the gas pressure change when the tank volume changes, and has been previously theoretically and experimentally studied by researchers. The primary objective of this investigation is to explore the effects of attitude disturbance and the spacecraft thermal environment on the accuracy of the method. A ground test system, consisting of several test apparatuses, was fabricated and described as part of this study. The test results and analyses indicate that the CMG performs well and has an accuracy of ±1%. Additionally, demonstrations were performed to show that measurement errors do not increase drastically or exceed ±1% when the test system is vibrated to simulate the tank being perturbed as a result of an attitude disturbance. Liquid sloshing resonance was found to have a significant effect on the gauging accuracy. Measurements in a real thermal environment in which heat transfers into and out of the propellant tank were also conducted. The results show that the gauging accuracy is acceptable for normal liquid propellant. Furthermore, theoretical research shows that heat leakage has a significant influence on cryogenic propellant mass gauging.     

部分喷嘴关闭对预旋供气系统供气参数影响的实验研究

为了研究部分喷嘴流路关闭对预旋供气系统供气流量和供气温度等特性参数的影响,在部分喷嘴流路打开和关闭工况下进行了实验研究。研究结果表明：随着喷嘴压比增加,以几何流通面积定义的喷嘴流量系数先增大后基本保持不变,转动对喷嘴流量系数的影响在1.6%以内,可以忽略;在系统压比为1.30时,由于阀门关闭不严和关闭后预旋腔腔压的变化,供气流量降幅是喷嘴几何流通面积降幅的67.8%~81.8%,实验状态下阀门关闭会导致供气温度降低约1.2K~2.4K。     

曲锥前体/三维内转进气道一体化设计与分析

对圆锥流场在不同攻角条件下的气动特征进行分析,以流线追踪技术为基础,发展了一种曲锥前体/三维内转进气道一体化设计方法,获得了三个几何参数对一体化方案外形和性能的影响规律。研究发现,三维内转进气道侧壁外扩角对进气道流量捕获系数影响明显,而捕获形状圆心角对进气道的影响主要表现在几何特征上。此外,进气道流量捕获系数随外压缩段总长度的增大而减小。基于对捕获形状的研究,设计了一种曲锥前体/三维内转进气道,并通过数值模拟对该方案进行研究。结果表明:在设计点来流马赫数为6.0时,该方案进气道流量捕获系数能够达到0.93,且具有0.61的总压恢复系数;在非设计点来流马赫数为5.0时,流量捕获系数能够保持在0.86,总压恢复系数为0.77。      

空间核电推进系统比质量优化建模及其木星探测应用分析

空间核电推进(Nuclear Electric Propulsion,NEP)系统是一种将核热能转换成电能,并驱动大功率电推力器而产生推力的革命性空间推进技术。和传统推进技术相比,NEP具有高比冲、大功率、长寿命等技术优势,非常适合未来大规模深空探测任务。基于NEP系统组成和小推力轨道理论,建立了以有效载荷为目标的NEP系统比质量优化模型。该模型能够解析NEP航天器的轨道运行时间、比质量、功率与有效载荷比的复杂耦合关系,为任务优化提供了计算依据。最后,利用该模型对NEP系统完成NASA "Juno号"航天任务进行了技术指标评估分析。计算表明,当NEP系统比质量达到4.8 kg/kWe时,其能将"Juno号"航天任务的地木转移时间由2 266 d缩短至665 d,有效载荷由160 kg提高到1 179 kg,极大地提高了航天器的探测能力,为任务方案的可行性论证和后续设计提供参考。     

航天器质量特性测试信息系统设计与实现

文章通过对现有航天器质量特性测试工作流程的研究,对测试过程数据分析归纳,给出了信息系统的数据库模型,提出了系统架构设计思路,并在此基础上开发了原型系统,对设计思路进行验证。质量特性测试信息系统的建立将整个测试周期中的所有独立、分散的信息有机地统一起来。     

气浮轴承在航天器质量特性综合测试设备中的应用

文章首先介绍了气浮轴承在航天器质量特性综合测试设备中的应用情况及测量原理,之后对一种球面气浮轴承进行了计算流体动力学（CFD）软件仿真计算,得出了承载力与不同参数的关系及提高承载力的方法;最后总结了航天器质量特性综合测试设备发展趋势。     

基于遗传算法的再入航天器配重布局优化

提出了一种在遗传算法框架内实现再入航天器配重布局优化的方法,获得的配重分布,可以尽可能小的配重重量代价使再入航天器满足复杂的质量特性要求。该方法将再入航天器可安装配重的区域离散为大量小面积配重区,使每个配重区对应固定质量的配重块,从而对配重布局设计变量进行离散编码,在此基础上建立起再入航天器配重布局优化问题的数学模型,并采用遗传算法求解该优化问题。对某再入航天器示例进行仿真验证,得到优化配重布局方案,以小的配重用量同时满足了质心位置、惯性矩和惯性积的复杂质量特性约束,配重布局显示出复杂空间分布的特点。文章的结果可为各类航天器的配重布局优化提供借鉴。     

超声速燃烧凹腔质量交换特性的混合RANS/LES模拟

对超声速冷流及燃烧流条件下超燃冲压发动机火焰稳定凹腔的质量交换特性进行了研究.采用混合RANS/LES(Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes/large-eddy simulation)方法对非定常流场进行数值模拟,系统研究了凹腔结构参数和横向喷流燃烧放热对凹腔质量交换特性的影响.首次采用"原子追踪法"对化学反应流条件下的凹腔质量交换过程进行了刻画.结果表明:在冷流条件和燃烧流条件下,凹腔驻留时间均随长深比的增大而增加;凹腔后缘倾角对驻留时间的影响在冷流条件下比较显著,而在燃烧流条件下明显减弱;相同结构的凹腔,在燃烧流条件下的驻留时间相对于冷流条件明显减小.