木材在锥形量热仪上的点燃实验研究

利用锥形量热仪研究了外加辐射热流和电火花点火高度对木材着火时的点燃时间、表面温度、质量损失速率等点燃特征参数的影响,提出了室内火灾中木材点燃的临界质量通量判据。研究结果表明,增大外加辐射热流,木材点燃时间缩短,点燃的临界表面温度减小,但临界质量通量不变;增大电火花的点火高度,木材点燃时间延长,点燃的临界表面温度升高,临界质量通量增大;对于特定场所,可以用临界质量通量作为木材点燃的判据。     

Coronal Mass Ejections

This workshop summary tries to distill the key difficulties and questions in the art of (I)CME physics and strategies to address them. (I)CMEs are multi-dimensional, multi-parameter, and multi-scale phenomena related to the solar dynamo, corona, and heliosphere. This workshop illustrates the immense progress made in describing and modeling these spectacular energetic solar events, but also shows clear shortcomings in our understanding of them.     

A Self-Consistent Determination of the Temperature Profile and The Magnetic Field Geometry in Winds of Late-Type Stars

Cool giant and supergiant stars generally present low velocity winds with high mass-loss rates. Several models have been proposed to explain the acceleration process of these winds. Although dust is known to be present in these objects, the radiation pressure on these particles is uneffective in reproducing the observed physical parameters of the wind. The most promising acceleration mechanism cited in the literature is the transference of momentum and energy from Alfvén waves to the gas. Usually, these models consider the wind to be isothermal. We present a stellar wind model in which the Alfvén waves are used as the main acceleration mechanism, and determine the temperature profile by solving the energy equation taking into account both the radiative losses and the wave heating. We also determine, self-consistently, the magnetic field geometry as the result of the competition between the magnetic field and the thermal pressure gradient. As the main result, we show that the magnetic geometry presents a super-radial index in the region where the gas pressure is increasing. However, this super-radial index is greater than that observed for the solar corona.     

生物体冻结研究

从简单的数学模型出发，利用直观的温度及浓度分布假设，对生物体冻结过程中的传热、传质进行了理论分析，并将结果与精确解及测量值进行了比较。其解法简单，省去了以往的有限差分求解的繁琐的计算过程，并且计算结果与试验数据吻合得很好。     

一种在轨卫星质量特性计算方法

提出一种基于交互式迭代和批量最小二乘法的在轨质量特性计算方法,仅使用陀螺作为敏感器,动力学模型适用于零动量和偏置动量两种控制模式,考虑了卫星与飞轮动量交换以及参数之间耦合关系,且能够适用于在轨不进行连续大角度姿态机动的卫星。计算结果表明,此方法具有快速、稳定的收敛特性和较高的计算精度。     

A statistical study of post-flare-associated CME events

We present a statistical study of post-flare-associated CMEs (PFA-CMEs) during the period from 1996 to 2010. By investigating all CMEs and X-ray flares, respectively, in the LASCO and GOES archives, we found 15875 CMEs of which masses are well measured and 25112 X-ray flares of which positions are determined from their optical counterparts. Under certain temporal and spatial criteria of these CMEs and solar flare events, 291PFA-CMEs events have been selected. Linking the flare fluxes with CME speeds of these paired events, we found that there is a reasonable positive linear relation between the CME linear speed and associated flare flux. The results show also the CME width increases as the flux of its associated solar flare increases. Besides we found that there is a fine positive linear relation between the CME mass and its width. Matching the flare fluxes with CME masses of these paired events, we find the CME mass increases as the flux of its associated solar flare increases. Finally we find the PFA-CME events are in regular more decelerated than the other CMEs.     

Pseudo-automatic characterization of the morphological and kinematical properties of coronal mass ejections using a texture-based technique

The white light coronagraphs onboard SOHO (LASCO-C2 and -C3) and most recently STEREO (SECCHI -COR1 and -COR2) have detected a myriad of coronal mass ejections (CME). They are a key component of space weather and under certain conditions they can become geo-effective, hence the importance of their kinematic characterization to help predict their effects. However, there is still a lot of debate on how to define the event boundaries for space weather purposes, which in turn makes it difficult to agree on their kinematic properties. That lack of agreement is reflected in both the manual and automated CME catalogs in existence. To contribute to a more objective definition and characterization of white-light coronagraph events, Goussies et al. (2010) introduced recently the concept of “texture of the event”. Based on that property, they developed a supervised segmentation algorithm to allow the automatic tracking of dynamic events observed in the coronagraphs field of view, which is called CORonal SEgmentation Technique (CORSET). In this work, we have enhanced the capabilities of the algorithm by adding several new functionalities, namely the automatic computation of different morphological and kinematic parameters. We tested its performance on 57 well-studied limb CME events observed with the LASCO coronagraphs between 1997 and 2001, and compared the parameters obtained with those from three existent CME lists: two of them obtained from an observer-based detection and tracking method (i.e., two manual catalogs), and the other one based on the automated detection and characterization of the CME events (i.e., a fully automated catalog). We found that 51 events could be tracked and quantified in agreement with the CME definition. In general terms, the position angle, and the radial and expansion speeds are in agreement with the manual catalogs used for comparison. On the other hand, some discrepancies between CORSET and the automated catalog were found, which can be explained by the different delimitation of the CME angular extent.     

氦质谱检漏技术的研究与实践

在氦质谱检漏技术理论的基础上,采用了以微电脑为中心的自动控制技术,提高了氦质谱检漏仪的全自动操作智能化水平。180°非均匀磁场的实现,使离子聚焦更好。通过电子量程切换技术,减少了量程转换时间,扩大了测量范围,对高准确度密封性智能检测系统的实现进行了详细的研究与实践。     

Late stages of stellar evolution – Herschel’s contributions

Cool objects glow in the infrared. The gas and solid-state species that escape the stellar gravitational attraction of evolved late-type stars in the form of a stellar wind are cool, with temperatures typically ?1500 K, and can be ideally studied in the infrared. These stellar winds create huge extended circumstellar envelopes with extents approaching 10¹⁹${10}^{19}$ cm. In these envelopes, a complex kinematical, thermodynamical and chemical interplay determines the global and local structural parameters. Unraveling the wind acceleration mechanisms and deriving the complicated structure of the envelopes is important to understand the late stages of evolution of ∼97% of stars in galaxies as our own Milky Way. That way, we can also assess the significant chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium by the mass loss of these evolved stars. The Herschel Space Observatory is uniquely placed to study evolved stars thanks to the excellent capabilities of the three infrared and sub-millimeter instruments on board: PACS, SPIRE and HIFI. In this review, I give an overview of a few important results obtained during the first two years of Herschel observations in the field of evolved low and intermediate mass stars, and I will show how the Herschel observations can solve some historical questions on these late stages of stellar evolution, but also add some new ones.     

地效飞机着水冲击载荷理论计算与试验

针对地效（WIG）飞机遭受冲击最为严重的状态--对称断阶着水情况,对影响冲击的各个因素进行了比较分析,在作了一些基本假设后,采用船舶运动中常用的切片理论思想,结合Von Karman水动力学分析的动量概念及Wagner的附连水质量公式,提出了一种理论计算方法。同时,还将理论计算结果与试验结果进行了比对分析。计算值与试验值的比较结果说明,理论计算在较大程度上是可信的,可作为结构设计外载荷确定的参考。